Jacob Shamir

Raman Apparatus Using Laser Excitation and Polarization Measurements. Rotational Spectrum of Fluorine

Various schemes are compared for measuring depolarization factors in Raman spectra with laser excitation. Optical systems are discussed for producing a laser beam free of unwanted emission lines and for focusing scattered light on the slit and on the detector. The rotational spectrum of gaseous F2 has been used to determine a rotational constant of Bo=0.8841 ±0.0006 cm−1, corresponding to r0=1.4168±0.0005 Å.

Speaking Up and Silencing Out in Face of a Changing Climate of Opinion

This paper relies on panel data from Israel to test the spiral of silence theorys assumptions concerning overt expression of opinion. The research design provides a way to examine the effect of a changing climate of opinion on who speaks up and who silences out over time and changing circumstances. In addition, a multivariate approach is adopted to test the role of climate perceptions relative to other factors, and extend our understanding of public speech. Perceptions of the climate of opinion are found to be related to overt expression of opinion cross-sectionally; however, their impact is not consistent and weaker than other factors. General political involvement is most important, and also various sociodemographic characteristics of people are more powerful than climate perceptions. Over time this relationship does not hold, and the paper focuses on political discontent and value expression considerations.

Photochemical synthesis of dioxygenyl salts

Abstract The dioxygenyl salts of arsenic and antimony hexafluoride were synthesized by a photochemical reaction by exposure of a mixture oxygen, fluorine and the appropriate pentafluoride to daylight. The resulting solids have been analysed and identified. The presence of O 2 + cation is suggested by the E.S.R. spectrum.

Public Opinion in the Israeli-Palestinian Two-Level Game

The article focuses on public opinion as a policy-relevant imperative in negotiators’ two-level games, in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Specifically, it highlights two characteristics of public opinion: its multifaceted nature and its susceptibility to framing efforts. The two are related in the sense that they provide negotiators with opportunities to shape their own and the other side’s win-sets: the sets of possible agreements that will gain majority support among their constituents. Both characteristics are exemplified using data from joint Palestinian-Israeli surveys focusing on two of the most difficult issues in the Israeli-Palestinian dispute: the recognition of the Palestinian refugees’ right of return by Israelis and the recognition of the Jewish identity of Israel by Palestinians. First, the study shows how framing a solution to the Palestinian refugees’ problem as the implementation or surrender of the right of return greatly affects respondents’ support for it. The article then discusses the implications of constructive ambiguity and framing for negotiators. Next it demonstrates the utility of a multifaceted approach to public opinion research in detecting pluralistic ignorance and mutual misperceptions on the issue of Israel’s national identity, pointing again to the implications of these conditions for policy-makers involved in two-level games.

Information Cues and Indicators of the Climate of Opinion: The Spiral of Silence Theory in the Intifada

This article explores the informational assumptions in Noelle-Neumanns spiral of silence theory. It is based empirically on data from in-depth interviews employing the “thinking aloud” protocols methodology, and survey data from Israel during the Intifada. Our respondents base their estimates of the climate of opinion on a broader, sounder, and more robust information array than the rather narrow and socially based overt opinion expression cues assumed by Noelle-Neumann. Different information cues are used for assessing opinion distributions and opinion trends. Aggregate trend analysis further supports the inconsistency between these alternative indicators of the climate of opinion. These results are discussed within the framework of structural constraints and major competing approaches to public opinion. The information environment is suggested to be the primary factor in specifying the role of social adjustment mechanisms versus event information in determining the direction in which public opinion evolves.

Individual Differences in Ethical Values of Public Relations Practitioners

The reported degree of professional ethics in public relations jobs is strongly related to personal ethics, this study shows, regardless of how long one has been in the public relations profession. This mail survey of 198 members of the Public Relations Society of America (a 66% response rate) indicates that a strong predictor of professional ethical standards is the degree of reported personal ethics while there also are relationships—but somewhat weaker—between age and experience and professional ethics, as measured by this study which employed Likert scales.

Rigid asymmetric rotor theory and the gas phase structure of fluoronitrate

Abstract The rigid asymmetric top profile simulation of some fundamental IR transitions in methylnitrate and fluoronitrate shows the latter to have a planar gas phase structure.

Laser Raman spectra of the tetrahalo-phosphonium salts PCl4+ICl2− and PBr4+IBr2−

Abstract The complexes of PCl 5 .ICl and PBr 5 .IBr were prepared and their laser Raman spectra recorded. These spectra were interpreted on the basis of ionic structures of PCl 4 + ICl 2 − and PBr 4 + IBr 2 − , the PX 4 + cations having a T d symmetry.

Vibrational analysis of the uranium hexachloride species in oxidation states of IV, V and VI

Abstract The i.r. and Raman data for the uranium hexachlorides (UCl6, UCl6− and UCl62−) are reported. The vibrational frequencies are assigned on the basis of an Oh point group symmetry, and using the modified Urey-Bradely Force Field (MUBFF) and the Molecular Orbital Valence Force Field (MOVFF), a Normal Coordinate Treatment (NCT) was made. The trend of frequencies with oxidation state and counter ion, and the primary stretching force constant (K) variation with oxidation state and non-bonding valence electrons is discussed.

Confirmation of SF3+ Vibrational Assignments by Raman Spectroscopic Polarization Measurements in HF Solution

The vibrational assignments of the trifluorosulfur (IV) cation (SP3+, previously determined from spectra of solids, are confirmed by polarization measurements on solutions of SF3+BF4-, SF3+PF6-, and SF3+AsF6- in anhydrous HF. Techniques and equipment have been developed to obtain Raman spectra of species dissolved in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Accurate polarization information can be obtained even though the FEP fluorocarbon plastic used as a container and window material is optically active.