Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias

Consumption of Watermelon Juice Enriched in l-Citrulline and Pomegranate Ellagitannins Enhanced Metabolism during Physical Exercise

l-Citrulline is a nonessential amino acid precursor of arginine and indirectly a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), which is a vasodilator and increases mitochondrial respiration. On the other hand, the antioxidant pomegranate ellagitannins are precursors of urolithin A, which has been associated with mitophagy and increased muscle function. To elucidate if a single dose of watermelon enrichment with these compounds could have a positive effect after high-intensity exercise (eight sets of eight repetitions of half-squat exercise), a double-blind randomized crossover in vivo study was performed in healthy male subjects (n = 19). Enrichment juices maintained basal levels of blood markers of muscle damage, such as lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin, and showed a significant maintenance of force during the exercise and a significant decrease in the rating of perceived exertion and muscle soreness after exercise. A positive effect was observed between l-citrulline and ellagitannins, improving the ergogenic effect of watermelon juice.

Acute Physiological and Performance Responses to High-intensity Resistance Circuit Training in Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions

Abstract Ramos-Campo, DJ, Rubio-Arias, JÁ, Freitas, TT, Camacho, A, Jiménez-Diaz, JF, and Alcaraz, PE. Acute physiological and performance responses to high-intensity resistance circuit training in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1040–1047, 2017—The aim of this study was to analyze physical performance and physiological variables during high-intensity resistance circuit training (HRC) with the addition of 2 levels (moderate and high) of systemic hypoxia. Twelve resistance-trained young male subjects participated in the study. After a 6 repetition maximum testing session, participants performed 3 randomized trials of HRC: normoxia (NORM: fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2] = 0.21; ∼0 m altitude), moderate hypoxia (MH: FiO2 = 0.16; ∼2.100 m altitude), or high hypoxia (HH: FiO2 = 0.13; ∼3.800 m altitude), as controlled by a hypoxic generator. Bench press force, heart rate and heart rate variability, rating of perceived exertion, resting metabolic rate, energy cost, and countermovement jump were assessed in each session. Heart rate variability in HH was significantly lower (standard deviation of all normal NN intervals [intervals between two “normal” beats] = 111.9 vs. 86.7 milliseconds; standard deviation of the difference between consecutive NN intervals = 19.5 vs. 17.0 milliseconds; p ⩽ 0.05) in comparison with NORM. There were significant differences in rating of perceived exertion between NORM and HH (11.6 vs. 13.8 points). Peak and mean force on the bench press were significantly lower (p ⩽ 0.05) in HH when compared with MH (peak: 725 vs. 488 N; mean: 574 vs. 373 N). Energy cost was significantly higher (p ⩽ 0.01) in both hypoxic conditions compared with NORM (NORM: 10.4; MH: 11.7; HH: 13.3 kJ·min−1). There were no differences between conditions in heart rate and countermovement jump variables. These results indicate that hypoxic stimuli during HRC exercise alter physical performance and physiological variables and affect how strenuous the exercise is perceived to be. High-intensity resistance circuit training in hypoxia increases the stress on the performance and physiological responses, and these differences must be taken into account to avoid an excessive overload.

Effect of 12 Weeks of Whole-Body Vibration Versus Multi-Component Training in Post-Menopausal Women.

Abstract The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of two different training protocols—vibratory platform and multi-component training—and to determine what kind of training creates greater adaptations on bone density and isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and the stabilizer muscles of the ankle joint in post-menopausal women. Thirty-eight women (59.8 ± 6.2 years) were randomly assigned to whole-body vibration group (WBVG), multi-component training group (MTG), or a control group (CG). The experimental groups performed incremental training for 12 weeks, three sessions/week. Significant differences were found in total fat mass and total lean mass in the training groups. In addition, both WBVG and MTG showed significant increases in isokinetic strength for knee extensors at 60°·s−1 and at 270°·s−1. With respect to the ankle joint, a significant increase for eversion at 60°·s−1 and inversion at 60°·s−1 was found in both training groups, and eversion at 120°·s−1 only in WBVG (p = 0.012). There...The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of two different training protocols-vibratory platform and multi-component training--and to determine what kind of training creates greater adaptations on bone density and isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and the stabilizer muscles of the ankle joint in post-menopausal women. Thirty-eight women (59.8 ± 6.2 years) were randomly assigned to whole-body vibration group (WBVG), multi-component training group (MTG), or a control group (CG). The experimental groups performed incremental training for 12 weeks, three sessions/week. Significant differences were found in total fat mass and total lean mass in the training groups. In addition, both WBVG and MTG showed significant increases in isokinetic strength for knee extensors at 60°·s(-1) and at 270°·s(-1). With respect to the ankle joint, a significant increase for eversion at 60°·s(-1) and inversion at 60°·s(-1) was found in both training groups, and eversion at 120°·s(-1) only in WBVG (p = 0.012). There were no significant differences between WBVG and MTG in knee and ankle strength tests. Therefore, we found significant adaptations to whole-body vibration and multi-component training in the present study. However, the improvements were similar for both groups and we cannot claim that WBVG is better than MTG, or vice versa.

Effect of a whole-body vibration training modifying the training frequency of workouts per week in active adults.

Abstract Martínez-Pardo, E, Romero-Arenas, S, Martínez-Ruiz, E, Rubio-arias, JA, and Alcaraz, PE. Effect of a whole-body vibration training modifying the training frequency of workouts per week in active adults. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3260–3268, 2014—The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration by varying the training frequency (2 or 3 sessions per week) on the development of strength, body composition, and mechanical power. Forty-one (32 men and 9 women) recreationally active subjects (21.4 ± 3.0 years old; 172.6 ± 10.9 cm; 70.9 ± 12.3 kg) took part in the study divided in 2 experimental groups (G2 = 2 sessions per week, G3 = 3 sessions per week) and a control group (CG). The frequency of vibration (50 Hz), amplitude (4 mm), time of work (60 seconds), and time of rest (60 seconds) were constant for G2 and G3 groups. Maximum isokinetic strength, body composition, and performance in vertical jumps were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the training cycle. A statistically significant increase of isokinetic strength was observed in G2 and G3 at angular velocities of 60, 180, and 270°·s−1. Total fat-free mass was statistically significantly increased in G2 (0.9 ± 1.0 kg) and G3 (1.5 ± 0.7 kg). In addition, statistically significant differences between G3 and CG (1.04 ± 1.7%) (p = 0.05) were found. There were no statistically significant changes in the total fat mass, fat percentage, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density in any of the groups. Both vibration training schedules produced statistically significant improvements in isokinetic strength. The vibration magnitude of the study presented an adaptation stimulus for muscle hypertrophy. The vibration training used in this study may be valid for athletes to develop both strength and hypertrophy of the lower limbs.

The Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Lean Mass in Postmenopausal Women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate published, randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on lean mass in postmenopausal women. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched from September to October 2015: PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Two different authors tabulated, independently, the selected indices in identical predetermined forms. The methodological quality of all randomized trial studies was evaluated according to the modified PEDro scale. In each trial, the effect size of the intervention was calculated by the difference between pre- and postintervention lean mass in WBVT postmenopausal women. For controlled trials, the effect size of the WBVT was also calculated by the difference in lean mass after the WBVT and in control participants. Results: Of the 189 articles found from the database search and all duplicates removed, 5 articles were analyzed. The lean mass of 112 postmenopausal women who performed either WBVT or a control protocol was evaluated. The methodological quality of the trials was high, where the mean score was 8 out of a possible 10 points. No significant improvements in lean mass with WBVT were found in postmenopausal women. In addition, there was no significant difference in lean mass between WBVT and control postmenopausal women. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that WBVT alone may not be a sufficient stimulus to increase lean mass in postmenopausal women. Thus, additional complimentary training methods with WBVT are needed to increase muscle size in women with lower hormonal responses.

[EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION TRAINING ON BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN RECREATIONALLY ACTIVE YOUNG ADULTS].

In the last decade, it has been suggested that whole- body vibration training (WBV) may increase neuromuscular performance and consequently affect the muscular improvement as either acute response to vibration or chronic adaptation training. Vibrating platforms generate frequencies from 5-45 Hz and vertical oscillations of 1-11 mm peak to peak, affecting more or less intensity acceleration changing by combining frequency and amplitude. Vibration training, in a session as various offers different results in regard to changes in body composition and in increasing the vertical jump, sprint, and the different manifestations of force development. These promising results await further research to establish parameters (duration, frequency and amplitude) with vibration stimulation in young active subjects. This literature review provides an update on the scientific evidence on the body vibrations in order to answer the question whether WBV, meaning the exercise by increasing the gravitational load collection, is a treatment option if the aim is to improve neuromuscular function, flexibility, balance, agility, coordination and body composition.

PAHA study: Psychological Active and Healthy Aging: psychological wellbeing, proactive attitude and happiness effects of whole-body vibration versus Multicomponent Training in aged women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundEvidence demonstrates that physical exercise and psychological wellbeing are closely interlinked, particularly in older-aged women. However, research investigating how different forms of exercise influence mental health in older-aged women is underdeveloped.Methods/DesignA randomized controlled trial (N = 300) will assess the relative effectiveness of two different exercise programs (whole-body vibration and Multicomponent Training) for improving psychological wellbeing in older-aged women. The following outcomes will be assessed at three time points (that is, pre, post, and follow-up): psychological wellbeing, proactive attitude, quality of life, and happiness.DiscussionResults will have important implications for preventing psychological and physiological disease in older-aged women and for managing health-related costs for this population group.Trial registrationNumber NCT01966562 on Clinical Gov database the 8 October 2013

EFECTOS DE LAS VIBRACIONES DE CUERPO COMPLETO SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL Y LAS CAPACIDADES FÍSICAS EN ADULTOS JÓVENES FÍSICAMENTE ACTIVOS

In the last decade, it has been suggested that whole- body vibration training (WBV) may increase neuromuscular performance and consequently affect the muscular improvement as either acute response to vibration or chronic adaptation training. Vibrating platforms generate frequencies from 5-45 Hz and vertical oscillations of 1-11 mm peak to peak, affecting more or less intensity acceleration changing by combining frequency and amplitude. Vibration training, in a session as various offers different results in regard to changes in body composition and in increasing the vertical jump, sprint, and the different manifestations of force development. These promising results await further research to establish parameters (duration, frequency and amplitude) with vibration stimulation in young active subjects. This literature review provides an update on the scientific evidence on the body vibrations in order to answer the question whether WBV, meaning the exercise by increasing the gravitational load collection, is a treatment option if the aim is to improve neuromuscular function, flexibility, balance, agility, coordination and body composition.