Jacqueline Fernandes de Cintra Santos

Por que as crianças são maltratadas?: Explicações para a prática de maus-tratos infantis na literatura

This article analyzes the factors related to child abuse that have been published in three of the main Brazilian pediatrics journals. The literature was assessed by content analysis. Fourteen studies were analyzed. The main explanatory factors were: (a) reproduction of violence; (b) family and psychological disorders and alcohol abuse; and (c) the structural or macro-social order. The authors conclude that prevention or intervention policies can be more successful if a theoretical/practical understanding is achieved, and that it is necessary to integrate each unique case with the knowledge based on care for thousands of families involved in child abuse both in Brazil and worldwide.

Suicidios e tentativas de suicidios por intoxicacao exogena no Rio de Janeiro: analise dos dados dos sistemas oficiais de informacao em saude, 2006-2008*

OBJECTIVE To describe the profile of suicide and attempts suicide by exogenous intoxication and completeness of data from the Center for Poisoning Control in Niterói City (CCIn), Information System for Notifiable Diseases (Sinan), and Mortality Information System (SIM) for Rio de Janeiro state (RJ). METHODS It was verified the frequency of suicide attempts and mortality in Rio de Janeiro state, period 2006-2008. The variables analyzed were sex, area of occurrence, circumstance, evolution, age, toxic agents and cause (ICD-10: X60-X69). The percentage of unknown information/blank was classified as excellent (≤ 10%), good (10 to 29.9%) and poor (≥ 30%). SPSS was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Nine hundred and forty records of attempts (CCIn) and 470 (Sinan) were analysed. The female and the age group of 20-39 years predominated, as well as use of toxic agents like medicines and pesticides. About suicide, were identified 33 records (CCIn), 23 (Sinan) and 180 (SIM). In CCIn were more frequent female and age group of 15-29 years, through Sinan and SIM from 40-59 years. For both events, psychotropic drugs accounted for more than 70% of drugs. The Sinan system has shown the worst performance for toxic agents. CONCLUSIONS Despite advances in improving the quality of information generated by the systems, problems regarding the coverage and data completeness remain committing the analysis of the magnitude of injuries. The study points out to the needs of systems compatibility and the improvement of the quality of information that are generated.Objective: To describe the profile of suicide and attempts suicide by exogenous intoxication and completeness of data from the Center for Poisoning Control in Niteroi City (CCIn), Information System for Notifiable Diseases (Sinan), and Mortality Information System (SIM) for Rio de Janeiro state (RJ). Methods: It was verified the frequency of suicide attempts and mortality in Rio de Janeiro state, period 2006-2008. The variables analyzed were sex, area of occurrence, circumstance, evolution, age, toxic agents and cause (ICD-10: X60-X69). The percentage of unknown information/blank was classified as excellent (≤ 10%), good (10 to 29.9%) and poor (≥ 30%). SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results: Nine hundred and forty records of attempts (CCIn) and 470 (Sinan) were analysed. The female and the age group of 20-39 years predominated, as well as use of toxic agents like medicines and pesticides. About suicide, were identified 33 records (CCIn), 23 (Sinan) and 180 (SIM). In CCIn were more frequent female and age group of 15-29 years, through Sinan and SIM from 40-59 years. For both events, psychotropic drugs accounted for more than 70% of drugs. The Sinan system has shown the worst performance for toxic agents. Conclusions: Despite advances in improving the quality of information generated by the systems, problems regarding the coverage and data completeness remain committing the analysis of the magnitude of injuries. The study points out to the needs of systems compatibility and the improvement of the quality of information that are generated.

Depressão durante a gestação e os desfechos na saúde do recém-nascido: coorte de mães atendidas em unidade básica de saúde

OBJECTIVE: Describe the association between depression during pregnancy and effects on the newborn (low birth weight and prematurity). METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of 100 pregnant women enrolled between March and September 2011 in a public primary health service in Nova Iguacu. Participants were interviewed about their sociodemographic characteristics, medical/obstetric conditions, stressful life events and social support. Depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). After the post-partum mothers were interviewed about low birth weight and preterm birth. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 18% (95% CI: 12.2 to 23.8). Factors associated with neonatal outcome were gestational depression (OR: 6,60 CI: 1,51-28,91) and alcohol (OR: 8,75 CI: 1,10-69,71). CONCLUSION: The implications of this study to the practice emphasize the need for screening for depression during pregnancy.

Maternal mental disorders in pregnancy and the puerperium and risks to infant health

Prenatal and postnatal period presents the highest prevalence of mental disorders in womens lives and depression is the most frequent one, affecting approximately one in every five mothers. The aggravating factor here is that during this period psychiatric symptoms affect not only womens health and well-being but may also interfere in the infants intra and extra-uterine development. Although the causes of the relationship between maternal mental disorders and possible risks to a childs health and development remain unknown, it is suspected that these risks may be related to the use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy, to substance abuse and the mothers lifestyle. Moreover, after delivery, maternal mental disorders may also impair the ties of affection (bonding) with the newborn and the maternal capacity of caring in the post-partum period thus increasing the risk for infant infection and malnutrition, impaired child growth that is expressed in low weight and height for age, and even behavioral problems and vulnerability to presenting mental disorders in adulthood. Generally speaking, research on this theme can be divided into the type of mental disorder analyzed: studies that research minor mental disorders during pregnancy such as depression and anxiety find an association between these maternal disorders and obstetric complications such as prematurity and low birth weight, whereas studies that evaluate severe maternal mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have found not only an association with general obstetric complications as well as with congenital malformations and perinatal mortality. Therefore, the success of infant growth care programs also depends on the mothers mental well being. Such findings have led to the need for new public policies in the field of maternal-infant care geared toward the population of mothers. However, more research is necessary so as to confirm the association between all factors with greater scientific rigor.

Depressão durante a gestação: um estudo sobre a associação entre fatores de risco e de apoio social entre gestantes

A ausencia de apoio social e outros fatores podem tornar gestantes mais suscetiveis a ocorrencia de transtornos mentais como a depressao. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associacao entre apoio social percebido e prevalencia de depressao em gestantes atendidas em uma unidade basica de saude de Nova Iguacu, Rio de Janeiro. Participaram dele 100 gestantes, das quais foram verificadas as caracteristicas sociodemograficas, condicoes medicas/obstetricas, eventos estressantes e apoio social. A depressao foi avaliada pela Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A prevalencia da depressao na gravidez foi 18% (IC95% 12,2-23,8), sendo os fatores associados na analise final: estar solteira, desempregada, possuir historia anterior de depressao e tabagismo. Houve relacao entre a falta de apoio social e a depressao na analise inicial (p<0,05). A ausencia de apoio de informacao e interacao durante o periodo pre-natal, e sua associacao inicial com a depressao, evidencia a fragilidade do servico de saude no atendimento integral as gestantes. Nossos resultados demonstram que intervencoes psicossociais e politicas sociais deveriam ser implementadas para esta populacao.

Depression During Pregnancy: Review of Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in Developed and Developing Countries

Contrary to general belief, gestation is not always characterized by joy and accomplishments. Many women experience sadness or anxiety in these periods of their lives. Gestation and postpartum (puerperium) are periods of woman s life which involve many physical, hormonal, psychic and social insertion changes which can have a direct effect on her mental health (Camacho et al., 2006). The changes caused by the newborn arrival are not limited to psychological and biochemical variables but also involve socioeconomic factors, especially in societies in which women are active in the labor market, contributing to the family income, and pursuing diverse professional and social interests (Maldonado, 1997). The scientific literature indicates that in the gestational-postpartum period is the phase with the highest prevalence of mental disorders of women s life, particularly in the first and third quarters of gestation and during the first 30 days of postpartum (Botega & Dias, 2006). The intensity of these mental health alterations depend and are regulated by interaction of multiple factors, including organic, family, marital, social, cultural aspects and the pregnant woman’s personality (Falcone et al., 2005). Approximately one fifth of pregnant women and women in puerperium present symptoms of depression (Limlomwongse & Liabsuetrakul, 2006). Most of these women are not diagnosed neither adequately treated (Andersson et al, 2003). Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder during pregnancy and the puerperium period (Bennett et al., 2004) and is associated with risk factors such as a psychiatric history, financial hardships, low education level, teenage pregnancy, lack of social support, stressful events and a history of domestic violence. There is evidence that pre-natal depression is not only more common, but it constitutes the main risk factor for postpartum depression. Indeed, in many cases it is the continuation of the depression that started during pregnancy (Alami et al., 2006; Andersson et al., 2006; Da Costa et al., 2000; Heron et al., 2004; Josefsson et al., 2001; Lovisi et al., 2005; Patel et al., 2003; Rich-Edwards et al., 2006; Ryan et al., 2005). Current studies suggest that gestational depression needs to be addressed in a more consistent manner. Although there is a consensus that the factors that affect the relationship

O estresse ocupacional e a síndrome do esgotamento profissional (burnout) em trabalhadores da indústria do petróleo: uma revisão sistemática

Introduction: workers in the petroleum industry perform roles in a variety of areas and work in some of the most adverse working conditions, which may result in adverse effects, such as occupational stress and burnout. Objective: to investigate the association between work environment within the petroleum industry and occupational stress/burnout in its workers, along with psychosocial factors in these workers with their associated physical symptoms. Methods: systematic literature review conducted using nine bibliographic databases. Articles included in the review were observational epidemiological studies written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese published between 1994 and 2014, with scores above 13 points, referring to the criteria from the Checklist for Measuring Quality. Results: the theme of most of the selected studies was regarding identifying the sources of occupational stress that are associated with psychosocial factors. Conclusion: workers from the petroleum industry are subjected to many occupational stress factors that have an influence on the physical, psychological and social aspects of their health. Further investigation of this theme can stimulate the development of strategies able to promote a better quality of life and improved working conditions for professionals in this sector.

Avaliação de desfechos perinatais/infantis em partos de pacientes com transtornos mentais maiores de um hospital psiquiátrico do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Adverse perinatal and infant outcomes are the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Brazil. Among the risk factors are maternal mental disorders. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted based on passive follow-up using probabilistic record linkage to estimate the prevalence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in children of women admitted to a public psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and who gave birth from 1999 to 2009. Prevalence rates were: low birth weight (27.6%), prematurity (17.4%), malformations (2.5%), stillbirths (4.8%), and neonatal deaths (3.7%). Associated factors were deficient prenatal care, schizophrenia, and low income. The results corroborate the high prevalence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in mothers with major mental disorders, and that screening of psychiatric symptoms and specialized care by mental health professionals are essential throughout prenatal and postpartum care.Abstract Adverse perinatal and infant outcomes are the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortal-ity in developing countries like Brazil. Among the risk factors are maternal mental disorders. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted based on passive follow-up using probabilis-tic record linkage to estimate the prevalence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in chil-dren of women admitted to a public psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and who gave birth from 1999 to 2009. Prevalence rates were: low birth weight (27.6%), prematurity (17.4%), malformations (2.5%), stillbirths (4.8%), and neonatal deaths (3.7%). Associated factors were deficient prenatal care, schizophrenia, and low income. The results corroborate the high preva-lence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in mothers with major mental disorders, and that screening of psychiatric symptoms and spe-cialized care by mental health professionals are essential throughout prenatal and postpartum care.Schizophrenia; Mood Disorders; Pregnancy Complications; Health Information Systems

Depressão e apoio social em gestantes de fetos com malformações atendidas em um hospital materno-infantil público de referência no Rio de Janeiro

INTRODUCTION: The pregnancy and postnatal period are the time of major prevalence of depression in womens life. Obstetric complications, including congenital malformations are important risk factors for depression during pregnancy. Mothers of fetuses with malformations experience a severe stressful life event. This fact could be aggravated by lack of social support. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to estimate depression in pregnant women with fetal malformations attended at a reference hospital fetal malformations in the Rio de Janeiro. METHOD: Interviews were conducted with 86 mothers of fetuses with malformations, which were assessed sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions/obstetric diagnosis of depression, social support and stressful life event. The period of study was from August 2011 to July 2012. RESULTS:The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 17.4% (95%CI 0.09-0.26) and associated factor included being unemployed. The lack of emotional and information supports showed the highest frequency (57%). CONCLUSION:Depression is common during pregnancy of women with fetal malformations and was associated with indicators of socioeconomic deprivation. Psychosocial interventions and appropriate social policies need to be implemented in this population to reduce the burden of maternal depression.Introduction: The pregnancy and postnatal period are the time of major prevalence of depression in women’s life. Obstetric complications, including congenital malformations are important risk factors for depression during pregnancy. Mothers of fetuses with malformations experience a severe stressful life event. This fact could be aggravated by lack of social support. Objective: The present study aimed to estimate depression in pregnant women with fetal malformations attended at a reference hospital fetal malformations in the Rio de Janeiro. Method: Interviews were conducted with 86 mothers of fetuses with malformations, which were assessed sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions/obstetric diagnosis of depression, social support and stressful life event. The period of study was from August 2011 to July 2012. Results: The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 17.4% (95%CI 0.09–0.26) and associated factor included being unemployed. The lack of emotional and information supports showed the highest frequency (57%). Conclusion: Depression is common during pregnancy of women with fetal malformations and was associated with indicators of socioeconomic deprivation. Psychosocial interventions and appropriate social policies need to be implemented in this population to reduce the burden of maternal depression.

Adverse perinatal and infant outcomes among children born to mothers with major mental disorders in a psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Adverse perinatal and infant outcomes are the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Brazil. Among the risk factors are maternal mental disorders. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted based on passive follow-up using probabilistic record linkage to estimate the prevalence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in children of women admitted to a public psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and who gave birth from 1999 to 2009. Prevalence rates were: low birth weight (27.6%), prematurity (17.4%), malformations (2.5%), stillbirths (4.8%), and neonatal deaths (3.7%). Associated factors were deficient prenatal care, schizophrenia, and low income. The results corroborate the high prevalence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in mothers with major mental disorders, and that screening of psychiatric symptoms and specialized care by mental health professionals are essential throughout prenatal and postpartum care.Abstract Adverse perinatal and infant outcomes are the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortal-ity in developing countries like Brazil. Among the risk factors are maternal mental disorders. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted based on passive follow-up using probabilis-tic record linkage to estimate the prevalence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in chil-dren of women admitted to a public psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and who gave birth from 1999 to 2009. Prevalence rates were: low birth weight (27.6%), prematurity (17.4%), malformations (2.5%), stillbirths (4.8%), and neonatal deaths (3.7%). Associated factors were deficient prenatal care, schizophrenia, and low income. The results corroborate the high preva-lence of adverse perinatal and infant outcomes in mothers with major mental disorders, and that screening of psychiatric symptoms and spe-cialized care by mental health professionals are essential throughout prenatal and postpartum care.Schizophrenia; Mood Disorders; Pregnancy Complications; Health Information Systems