Jae Eul Choi

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Time on Ginsenoside Content and Quality in Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Flower Water Extract

In this study, ginseng flower water extracts were analyzed to set up the ginsenoside content and quality optimization condition. The highest total ginsenoside content among the ginseng flower water extracts was 67.44mg/g which was extracted at for 3 hours. In addition, the ginsenoside content decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest total content of and Re was 37.42mg/g at for 6 hours. Total content of and Re decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest prosapogenin ( + + ) content among the total of ginseng flower water extracts was 18.58mg/g which was extracted at for 12 hours. The sweetness, absorbance were increased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. But pH was decreased according to the increased extraction time.

Comparison of Ginsenoside Content According to Age and Diameter in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Cultivated by Direct Seeding

Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.ABSTRACT : This study was carried out to investigate ginsenoside content in different root parts and the correlationbetween root diameter and ginsenoside composition of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer cultivated by direct seeding. The unitcontents of ginsenoside were 29.65, 28.76, 26.34 ㎎/g, respectively in 4, 5, 6 years old. However, the total contents of ginseno-side were 431.97, 606.56, 657.80 ㎎/root, respectively. Total ginsenoside content of fine root was higher than that of main rootand lateral root. These tendencies were related to decrease by the increase of root diameter. When diameter of main root andlateral root were the same in different ages, the total ginsenoside content was higher in the order of 4 > 5 > 6 years old roots.Except for ginsenoside-Rg1, other ginsenosides components (PD/PT and total ginsenosides) had highly negative correlationwith the root diameter within whole root, main root, lateral root and fine root, which indicated that ginsenoside content iscorrelated to root diameter. As results, it is suggested that ginsenoside content can be predicted.Key Words : Panax ginseng, Main Root, Lateral Root, Fine Root, Ginsenoside Content, Correlation

Comparison of Ginsenoside Content and Ratio of Root Tissue According to Root Age and Diameter in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.ABSTRACT : This study was carried out to investigate change of ginsenoside contents according to tissue ratio in ginsengroot by age and diameter. The epidermis-cortex and xylem-pith extent, fresh weight, dry weight of ginseng increased withthe root age increase. They increased higher in xylem-pith than in epidermis-cortex. The ratio of epidermis-cortex decreasedand xylem-pith increased as the main root diameter increased. In case of same diameter, the xylem-pith ratio increased bythe increase of root age. The epidermis-cortex ratio was 4 > 5 > 6 years, respectively. The total 10 ginsenosides of epider-mis-cortex increased with the root age increase. However, the total ginsenoside of xylem-pith decreased and it was 2~ 5times lower than epidermis-cortex. The most of ginsenoside contents existed in epidermis-cortex. The diameter decrease inmain root is related to the increase of epidermis-cortex ratio. It leads to increase of ginsenoside contents. In order to selecthigh level of ginsenoside cultivar, it suggested that it should be selected main root having narrow diameter and lower epider-mis-cortex ratio. Key Words : Panax ginseng, Diameter, Epidermis-Cortex, Xylem-Pith, Ginsenoside Content

Effects of Various Bed Soil Substrates on the Growth and Yield of 2-Year-Old Ginseng Grown in the Closed Plastic House

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of various organic substrates on growth and yield of ginseng seedling grown organically in the closed plastic house. The pH and EC of substrates used for organically ginseng cultivation ranged 5.93~6.78 and 0.03~0.15 dS/m respectively. The concentrations -N and -N respectively was 14.01~68.63 mg/L, 5.60~58.83 mg/L. The average quantum of the closed plastic house was range from 10 to 16% of natural light. In July and August, the maximum temperature of the closed plastic house did not exceed 30 and the average temperature was maintained within 25 lower than the field because air conditioning ran. The PPV-1 and PPV-2 bed soil substrates produced higher stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight and leaf area than those of conventional culture. In PPV-2 bed soil substrates, root fresh weight and root diameter was the highest. The root fresh weight of PPV-2 bed soil substrates in closed plastic house was maximum 25% heavier than the conventional cultivation. The results of this experiment will be utilized for making new substrate application for organic ginseng culture in the plastic house.

Influence of Various Substrates on the Growth and Yield of Organically Grown Ginseng Seedlings in the Shaded Plastic House

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of variouis organic substrates on growth and yield of organically grown ginseng seedlings in a shaded plastic house. In the investigation of optimal substrate, the eight substrate were formulated by adjusting blending rate of peatmoss, perlite, coir dust(coco peat), and vermiculite. Then, the changes in physico·chemical properties of root substrates as well as their influences on the growth characteristics and yield were deter- mined at six months after sowing. The elevation of the blending rate of peatmoss from 50% to 70% with decrease in the rate of inorganic component (mixture of perlite and vermiculite) from 50 to 30% resulted in the increase in container capacities and decrease in total porosities and air-filled capacities. The concentrations of NH4-N, P2O5 and K increased as the incorpo- ration rate of castor seed meal, phosphate ore, and langbenite, respectively, were elevated during the root medium formula- tions. The PPV-1 and PPV-4 substrates produced high stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, leaf area and root length among eight substrate. Root fresh weight was heaviest in PPV-4 compound nursery media. The results of this experi- ment will be utilized in the new substrate application for ginseng organic culture in shaded vinyl house.

Change of Neutral Ginsenoside Contents in Red and Fresh Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) by Hydrolysis

This study was carried out to investigate change of ginsenoside contents in red and fresh ginseng according to root part and age by hydrolysis. Neutral total ginsenoside contents by hydrolysis in 6-year main root and lateral root were significantly increased than those by non-hydrolysis, as 41.6 and 32.8%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in red ginseng. In fresh ginseng, ginsenoside contents of the protopanaxatriol group such as Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, and Rh1 were not significantly different, but Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, and Rd showed significant difference. The increase rate of neutral total ginsenoside content by hydrolysis was higher in epidermis-cortex than stele. Also, the neutral total ginsenoside content was fine root > rhizome > lateral root > main root, respectively. While there was no tendency towards the increase of ginsenoside by hydrolysis with the increase of root age in fine root and rhizome, there was significant decrease in main root and lateral root.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulator Treatment on Ginseng berry and seed development in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.ABSTRACT : This study was conducted to select plant growth regulators effective at ginseng berry set inhibition to helproot growth in Korean ginseng ( Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). PGRs (ethephon, gibberellic acid, maleic hydrazide, coumarin)were applied to field grown 5-year-old Korean ginseng between one and two times, before and during bloom in 2009, 2010.The number of treatment was more effective in ginseng berry set inhibition when used two times compared with one time inGA 1,000 ppm, MH (5,000, 10,000 ppm), coumarin (5,000, 10,000 ppm) treatment. According to treatment period of plantgrowth regulator, ginseng berry set inhibition rate from 20days before flowering date to 5days after blooming was the high-est in MH 5000 ppm showing 99.9% and the lowest in GA 100 ppm showing 32.8%. The spray treatments of Ethephon (50,150 ppm) and MH (5,000, 10,000 ppm) from 20 days before the flowering bloom up to 5 days before, and coumarin (5,000,10,000 ppm) from 20 days to 6 days and before blooming that induced the inhibitory effect more than 90% after 12 weeks.Considering ginseng berry set inhibition characteristics and treatment period ethephon and coumarin was important aboutapplied period but, MH treatment appeared to effective ginseng berry set inhibition regardless of treatment period.Key Words : Panax ginseng, Ethephon, Gibberellic Acid, Maleic Hydrazide, Coumarin, Berry Set, Inhibition