Jae-Gil Lee

Can Autonomous Vehicles Be Safe and Trustworthy? Effects of Appearance and Autonomy of Unmanned Driving Systems

Although autonomous vehicles are increasingly becoming a reality, eliminating human intervention from driving may imply significant safety and trust-related concerns. To address this issue from a psychological perspective, this study applies layers of anthropomorphic cues to an artificial driving agent and explicates the process in which these cues promote positive evaluations and perceptions of an unmanned driving system. In a between-subjects factorial experiment (N = 89) consisting of three unmanned driving scenarios, participants interacted with an artificial driving agent with different levels of anthropomorphic cues induced by the variations in appearance (human-like vs. gadget-like) and autonomy (high vs. low) of the agent. The results indicated that human-like appearance and high autonomy were more effective in eliciting positive perceptions of the agent. In addition, a mediation analysis revealed that the greater level of anthropomorphism induced by human-like appearance and high autonomy in the agent evoked the feelings of social presence, which in turn positively affected the perceived intelligence and safety of and trust in the agent, suggesting that the extent to which users perceive the driving agent as intelligent, safe, and trustworthy is largely determined by the feelings of social presence experienced during their interaction.

Interaction, engagement, and perceived interactivity in single-handed interaction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of interaction techniques (e.g. swiping and tapping) and the range of thumb movement on interactivity, engagement, attitude, and behavioral intention in single-handed interaction with smartphones. Design/methodology/approach A 2×2 between-participant experiment (technological features: swiping and tapping×range of thumb movement: wide and narrow) was conducted to study the effects of interaction techniques and thumb movement ranges. Findings The results showed that the range of thumb movement had significant effects on perceived interactivity, engagement, attitude, and behavioral intention, whereas no effects were observed for interaction techniques. A narrow range of thumb movement had more influence on the interactivity outcomes in comparison to a wide range of thumb movement. Practical implications While the subject of actual and perceived interactivity has been discussed, the issue has not been applied to smartphone. Based on the research results, the mobile industry may come up with a design strategy that balances feature- and perception-based interactivity. Originality/value This study adopted the perspective of the hybrid definition of interactivity, which includes both actual and perceived interactivity. Interactivity effect outcomes mediated by perceived interactivity.

Empirical Analysis of Changes in Human Creativity in People Who Work with Humanoid Robots and Their Avatars

This study presents results from an analysis of the relationship between humanoid robots and human creativity, which has not been demonstrated in the literature to date. To increase the academic rigor of our study, we adopted humanoid robots and their avatars in our experimental procedures. After participants engaged in experiments with humanoids and their avatars, we assessed the degree to which their levels of creativity changed. In experiments with 90 participants, we found that interactions with humanoid robots produced a statistically significant effect in increasing their creativity.

The Effect of Visual Cueing in 3D Animations for Learning Procedural-manipulative Tasks: From the Perspective of Cognitive Load Theory

Applying 3D virtual environment to educational field has great possibilities. Especially, 3D instructions could be very helpful when learning procedural-manipulative tasks with high-risk of accidents (e.g., brain surgery). To find the most effective way to present information in 3D virtual environment, this study examined the effect of visual cueing in 3D instructional animation, from the perspective of cognitive load theory. In this study, a between subjects experiment was conducted. The results showed that the two different types of visual cueing (both anticipatory and trajectory) have marginally significant effect on learning performance (accuracy score). Finally, this study suggested some design strategies to improve the effectiveness of 3D instructional animations.

An Approach to Spatial Visualizing Method for Information Structure to Enhance Remember to Look

Individuals living in our information-driven society can feel overwhelmed by the amount of information as well as the myriad of technologies they can use to access it. Personal information management (PIM) is an activity in which an individual stores personal information items in order to retrieve them later. One ideal of PIM is that we always have the right information in the right place, in the right form, and of sufficient completeness and quality to meet our current needs. Personal information storage tends to become enormous over time. In addition, its structure can also become diversified and complex, resulting in information that is scattered in different forms across various devices and multiple versions. One way to solve the issue of information fragmentation is to emphasize the concept of remembering to look. Most information management system representations are using spatial metaphors, where virtual objects are displayed similar to physical objects in the actual world. The power of spatial metaphors lies in people’s tendency to naturally use spatial metaphors.

How does interactivity contribute to a smart TV user experience

With the conceptual model of interactivity, this study empirically investigates the effects of perceived interactivity on the motivations and attitudes toward Smart TV in Korea. A model is created to validate the relationship of perceived interactivity to performance, attitude, and intention. Further, the model examines the mediating roles of perceived interactivity in the effect of performance on attitude toward Smart TV. Empirical evidence supports the mediating role of perceived interactivity. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of building a theory of interactivity and providing practical insights into developing a user-centered Smart TV interface.

Trust In Unmanned Driving System

This study proposes a between-subject experiment with four conditions representing different levels of anthropomorphism and automation embedded in unmanned driving systems. Participants will be exposed to either a humanoid robot (high anthropomorphism) or a smartphone (low anthropomorphism) that have high and low automation level respectively as an independent driving agent. The study argues that the agent with high level of anthropomorphism and low level of automation is more likely to trigger greater feelings of trust and perceived safety, which then leads to positive perceptions of the system.