Jae-Han Cho

Taxonomic Position and Species Identity of the Cultivated Yeongji 'Ganoderma lucidum' in Korea

Abstract Ganoderma lucidum has a long history of use as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. However, the taxonomy of Ganoderma species remains controversial, since they were initially classified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that G. lucidum from China be renamed as G. sichuanense or G. lingzhi. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region rDNA sequences of the Ganoderma species indicated that all strains of the Korean ‘G. lucidum’ clustered into one group together with G. sichuanense and G. lingzhi from China. However, strains from Europe and North American, which were regarded as true G. lucidum, were positioned in a clearly different group. In addition, the average size of the basidiospores from the Korean cultivated Yeongji strains was similar to that of G. lingzhi. Based on these results, we propose that the Korean cultivated Yeongji strains of ‘G. lucidum’ should be renamed as G. lingzhi.

Comparative analysis of anti-oxidant effects and polyphenol contents of the fruiting bodies in oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushroom is one of the popular mushrooms for Korean people and it is thus one of the mushrooms that were mostly cultivated in Korea in addition to winter and king oyster mushrooms. This study was carried out to compare the medicinal effects of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts. We analyzed comparing antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus. Firstly, ASI 2099 showed the highest level in hot water. ASI 2122 showed the highest level in the 70% EtOH and MeOH extraction. Polyphenol contents was measured after extraction with different solvents. polyphenols contents is mostly 8~10 (mg/g) and there is no difference of polyphenols contents depending on the extract solvent.

Comparative analysis of useful β-glucan and polyphenol in the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma spp.

ABSTRACT  This study was carried out to compare the medicinal effects of various fruiting body of Gan-oderma species and Cordyceps militaris, Phelinus linteus extracts.  -glucan and polyphenol are useful ingredientin mushrooms and they were known to have antioxidant activity. We analyzed  -glucan and polyphenol con-tents of fruiting body of Ganoderma spp ., Cordyceps militaris, and Phellinus linteus . Most Ganoderma spp. exhibited  -glucan contents of 15 to 20%. Cordyceps militalis showed the highest  -glucan level of 25%. Inter-estingly, eight strains of Ganoderma spp. was analyzed to have higher contents of  -glucan than Phelinus lin-teus. Polyphenol contents was measured after extraction with different solvents. (D.W., 70% EtOH, 80%MeOH) The level of polyphenol in ASI 7020 strain was at maximum in the water extraction and ASI 7086showed the highest level in the 70% EtOH extraction. The amounts of polyphenol in strain ASI 7113 wasat maximum in the 80% MeOH extraction.KEYWORDS

Species identity of Phellinus linteus (sanghuang) extensively used as a medicinal mushroom in Korea

Sanghuang is a medicinal mushroom that has gained particular attention in Korea. It has been extensively studied for the past few decades as a natural immune booster and cancer suppressor. Although the scientific name, Phellinus linteus, has been commonly used to refer to the sanghuang mushroom, the species identity of sanghuang has been called into question due to the ambiguity of its circumscription and the inadequacy of morphological distinctions within allied species. Because the species concept of sanghuang has been elucidated by recent molecular phylogenetic studies, it has become necessary to clarify the taxonomic positions of sanghuang strains extensively utilized in Korea. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 74 strains belonging to the P. linteus-baumii complex based on ITS nrDNA sequences. Parental stains of sanghuang varieties formally registered in the Korea Seed & Variety Service, including ASI 26046 (Corea sanghuang), 26114 (Boolro), and 26115 (HK 1-ho) were grouped with Sanghuangporus sanghuang instead of P. linteus in the inferred phylogeny.

Anti-diabetic efficacy of the alcoholic extracts in Ganoderma sp. and Phellinus Baumi

This study was carried out to anti-diabetic efficacy of alcoholic extracts in Ganoderma species and Phellinus Baumi. Ganoderma species and Phellinus Baumi. showed inhibitory activity of PTP1B, which acts as negative regulator of diabetes. The α- amylase is an important enzyme in the digestion of carbohydrates in the saliva and pancreatic. If inhibition of the enzyme Delaying the digestion rate of the carbohydrate can be reduced postprandial rise in blood glucose levels. The results of the tests the active level that showed a similar inhibition α-amylase inhibitory activity and a positive control. Phellinus Baumi. showed the inhibitory activity to 89%, Acarbose as positive control. α-glucosidase is an essential enzyme in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars polysaccharides. The results of the tests the active level that showed a low inhibitory activity. It is thought to be able to complement the shortcomings of conventional anti-diabetic drugs.

Comparative analysis of ganoderic acid A, F, and H contents in the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma spp.

This study was carried out for examining the amount of ganoderic acid A, F, H from fruiting body extracts of the various Ganoderma species. The preserved Ganoderma species are extracted by using three kinds of solvent. Among them, five strains which have the large amount of ganoderic acid A, F, H were selected. First of all, Strains with the highest amount of ganoderic acid A were sorted out acorrding to solvent as follows. ASI 7013 has the highest amounts with 0.988 mg/g from D.W. extracts. And ASI 7023, 7059, 7026, 7060 were in order of content. In EtOH extracts, ASI 7037 has the highest amounts of ganoderic acid A with 0.940 mg/g. And ASI 7021, 7034, 7026, 7038 were in order of content. In MeOH extracts, ASI 7162 has the highest amounts with 0.833 mg/g. And ASI 7091, 7032, 7056, 7125 were in order of content. secondly, Strains with the highest amount of ganoderic acid F were sorted out acorrding to solvent as follows. ASI 7011 has the highest amounts with 0.722 mg/g from D.W. extracts. And ASI 7113, 7011, 7104 were in order of content. In EtoH extracts, ASI 7037 has the highest amounts with 0.811 mg/g. And ASI 7007, 7027, 7012, 7014 were in order of content. In MeoH extracts, ASI 7162 has the highest amounts with 0.833 mg/g. And ASI 7021, 7034, 7026, 7125 were in order of content. Finally, Strains with the highest amount of ganoderic acid H were sorted out acorrding to solvent as follows. ASI 7013 has the highest amounts with 0.985 mg/g in D.W. extracts. And ASI 7059, 7135, 7001, 7141 were in order of content. In EtoH extracts, ASI 7016 has the highest amounts with 2.842 mg/g. And ASI 7089, 7159, 7007, 7002 were in order of content. In MeoH extracts, ASI 7003 has the highest amounts with 6.969 mg/g. And ASI 7034, 7169, 7159, 7103 were in order of content.

Nutritional contents and physiological activity of Pleurotus eryngii by extraction solvents

Physiological activities of 70% methanol, fermented ethanol and hot-water extracts of Pleurotus eryngii were investigated. Free radical scavenging activities of P. eryngii extracts were determined according to the elimination of DPPH radicals. Their nitrite scavenging activity and total polyphenol content were also determined. Amino acid analysis showed that phenylalanine (Phe) and glutamic acid (Glu) are most abundant essential and non-essential amino acids in the analyzed extracts. The hot-water extract of ASI 2394 represented the highest antioxidant activity with the DPPH radical scavenging rate value of . ASI 2820 displayed the superior capacity to eliminate nitrate regardless of extraction solvents. The hot-water extract of ASI 2887 had the highest content of polyphenol. Our results showed that P. eryngii is well qualified as a functional food.

Changes in the amino acid contents of fruiting body with growing temperature of common mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

This study was analyzed by HPLC that the changing sugar contents according to the strains of Agaricus bisporus and cultivation temperature. All strains showed that high total amino acid content in 19oC. 103 strain have been identified as the lowest total amino acids and amino acids content compare to the other strains. The amino acid ‘cysteine’ content is the highest, followed by phenylalanine, glutamic acid, lysine, proline, histidine. This big difference is estimated because in the strains of A. bisporus and cultivated temperature.