Jaeho Sung

Structures of Ionic Liquids with Different Anions Studied by Infrared Vibration Spectroscopy

We investigated the structures of ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide [BMIM][I] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4]) and their aqueous mixtures using attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy. The ATR spectrum in the CHx (x = 1, 2, 3) vibration region from 2800 to 3200 cm-1 was very different between [BMIM][BF4] and [BMIM][I] even though all the spectral features in this region were from the butyl chain and the imidazolium ring of the same cation. The spectrum did not change appreciably irrespective of the water concentration for [BMIM][BF4], whereas the spectrum from [BMIM][I] showed significant changes as the water concentration was increased, especially in CH-vibration modes from the imidazolium ring. For very diluted solutions both aqueous mixtures of [BMIM][I] and [BMIM][BF4] showed very similar spectra. Mixing of [BMIM][I] with heavy water (D2O) facilitated the isotopic exchange of the proton attached to the most acidic carbon of the imidazolium ring into deuterium from D2O, whereas even prolonged exposure to D2O did not induce any isotopic exchange for [BMIM][BF4]. Raman spectra around 600 cm(-1) indicative of the butyl chain conformation also changed differently as the water concentration was increased between [BMIM][I] and [BMIM][BF4]. These differences are considered to come from the variation in the position of the anion, where I- is expected to be closer to the C(2) hydrogen of the imidazolium cation and interacting more specifically as compared to BF(4-).

Structural Change of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate + Water Mixtures Studied by Infrared Vibrational Spectroscopy

Mixtures of ionic liquid (IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [BMIM][BF4]) and water with varying concentrations were studied by attenuated total reflection infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Changes in the peak intensities and peak positions of CHx (x = 1, 2, 3) vibration modes of the cation of the IL and OH vibration modes of the water molecules were investigated. Peaks from normal-mode stretch vibrations of CH bonds belonging to the imidazolium ring of the cation did not change their positions, while those from the terminal methyl group of the butyl chain blueshifted by approximately 10 cm-1 with the addition of water. On the other hand, change in the spectral shape in the OH stretch vibration region shows hydrogen-bonding network of water molecules breaking down rapidly as the IL is added. Trends in the change of the peak positions and the peak intensities suggested qualitative change of the intermolecular structure in the [BMIM][BF4] + H2O mixture at 32 +/- 2 and 45 +/- 2 mol/L of water concentration.

Thermally excited capillary waves at vapor/liquid interfaces of water–alcohol mixtures

The density profiles of liquid/vapor interfaces of water-alcohol (methanol, ethanol and propanol) mixtures were studied by surface-sensitive synchrotron x-ray scattering techniques. X-ray reflectivity and diffuse scattering measurements, from the pure and mixed liquids, were analyzed in the framework of capillary wave theory to address the characteristic length scales of the intrinsic roughness and the shortest capillary wavelength (alternatively, the upper wavevector cutoff in capillary wave theory). Our results establish that the intrinsic roughness is dominated by average interatomic distances. The extracted effective upper wavevector cutoff indicates capillary wave theory breaks down at distances of the order of bulk correlation lengths.

Determination of absolute polar orientation of dyes incorporated into the channels of silicalite-1 films

Two different hemicyanine dyes having C18-alkyl chain on opposite ends of the dipolar NLO chromophore were adsorbed into the vertically oriented channels of silicalite-1 films supported on glass plate. Second-harmonic phase measurement was used to measure the absolute polar orientations of these films, and found the dyes enter zeolite channels with the tail part first.

Photophysical Properties of Hemicyanine Dyes in Zeolite Film Grown on Glass Plate

Hemicyanine dye molecules were put into the pores of zeolite (ZSM-5) crystals self-assembled on a glass substrate, and the photophysical properties were investigated. The dye molecules were found to be aligned normal to the plate, along the vertical channel of the pore, and oriented unidirectionally. The photoluminescence decay lifetime of the dye molecules in zeolite pore measured by the TimeCorrelated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) method, was much longer, compared to the lifetime of 30 ps in solution phase. This zeolite lm can potentially be used as a matrix for investigating the optical and photophysical properties of a molecule in controlled environment.

Self-Phase Modulation in a Dye-Doped Liquid-Crystal

Abstract A nematic liquid crystals doped with 0.1 wt % dye were made into a 60 μm cell of homogeneous alignment. A self-phase modulation ring pattern made upon irradiation of the laser beam was investigated at different pump wavelengths and sample temperatures. Various contributions to this phenomenon including thermal indexing and reorientation of the molecules were discussed.