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Dive into the research topics where Jaeun Choi is active.

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Featured researches published by Jaeun Choi.


Head and Neck-journal for The Sciences and Specialties of The Head and Neck | 2013

Health‐related quality of life differences between African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites with head and neck cancer

Bryce B. Reeve; Jianwen Cai; Hongtao Zhang; Jaeun Choi; Mark C. Weissler; David Cella; Andrew F. Olshan

Cancers of the head and neck are associated with detriments in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL); however, little is known about different experiences between African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites.


Lifetime Data Analysis | 2018

Joint modeling of survival time and longitudinal outcomes with flexible random effects

Jaeun Choi; Donglin Zeng; Andrew F. Olshan; Jianwen Cai

Joint models with shared Gaussian random effects have been conventionally used in analysis of longitudinal outcome and survival endpoint in biomedical or public health research. However, misspecifying the normality assumption of random effects can lead to serious bias in parameter estimation and future prediction. In this paper, we study joint models of general longitudinal outcomes and survival endpoint but allow the underlying distribution of shared random effect to be completely unknown. For inference, we propose to use a mixture of Gaussian distributions as an approximation to this unknown distribution and adopt an Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm for computation. Either AIC and BIC criteria are adopted for selecting the number of mixtures. We demonstrate the proposed method via a number of simulation studies. We illustrate our approach with the data from the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study (CHANCE).


Journal of Asthma | 2018

Factors associated with in-school physical activity among urban children with asthma

Marina Reznik; Florinda Islamovic; Jaeun Choi; Cheng Shiun Leu; Alex V. Rowlands

ABSTRACT Objective: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine if in-school physical activity (PA) varied by age, gender, weight and asthma status, participation in physical education (PE), outdoor recess, and other in-school PA among urban schoolchildren with asthma. Methods: PA was measured by tri-axial accelerometers. Height and mass were measured and overweight defined as BMI ≥85th percentile. Asthma impairment and risk were assessed as per national guidelines, and asthma status variable with three categories (mild, moderate, and severe) was created. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models adjusting for clustering due to school and student were fitted to identify variables predictive of PA. Results: 108 children with asthma participated. Children spent 374 minutes in school, of which 253 minutes were sedentary, 105 minutes in light PA, and 16 minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Only 3 participants reached the recommended ≥30 minutes/day of MVPA. Multivariable analysis revealed age, gender, participation in PE class, outdoor recess, and other in-school PA as independent predictors of PA. BMI and asthma status were not associated with PA. Conclusions: Children with asthma were mostly sedentary at school. Older children and girls were particularly at risk for inactivity. PE, recess, and other in-school PA participation are modifiable factors that should be targeted in school-based interventions aimed at increasing PA in this population.


Hospital pediatrics | 2018

Acceptance of Routine HIV Testing by Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults

Avni Bhalakia; Hina J. Talib; Jaeun Choi; Dana Watnick; Risa E. Bochner; Donna Futterman; Elissa Gross

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Youth carry a disproportionate burden of new HIV infections. With our study, we aimed to characterize HIV testing experiences among adolescents and young adults admitted to a childrens hospital that is located in a high HIV-prevalent community and implemented routine HIV testing for all patients ≥13 years of age. METHODS A total of 120 patients aged 13 to 24 years old who were admitted to our hospital and had a documented offer of routine HIV testing on admission were invited to complete a self-administered survey that asked about sex, race and/or ethnicity, HIV risk behaviors, and attitudes toward routine HIV testing in the hospital. Date of birth, admission diagnosis, and verification of HIV testing and results were collected by chart review. RESULTS Study participants (N = 99) were 17.4 ± 2.3 years old, 52% female, 47% Hispanic, and 29% African American. Additional characteristics include the following: 65% had previous sexual activity, 11% had a history of sexually transmitted infections, and 12% were worried about their risk for HIV. Forty-seven percent of participants accepted HIV testing, with older patients (P < .01) and those reporting previous sexual activity (P < .01) and a previous HIV test (P < .01) being more likely to accept testing. A total of 96% of participants agreed that the hospital is a good place to offer HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support offering routine HIV testing to youth admitted to childrens hospital. Given the high incidence of new and undiagnosed HIV infections among youth, additional venues for HIV testing are essential.


Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography | 2017

Factors Influencing Pediatric Outpatient Transthoracic Echocardiography Utilization Before Appropriate Use Criteria Release: A Multicenter Study

Kenan W.D. Stern; Talin Gulesserian; Jaeun Choi; Sean M. Lang; Christopher Statile; Erik Michelfelder; Ericka S. McLaughlin; Tuan Nguyen; Leo Lopez; George R. Verghese; Daphne T. Hsu; Ritu Sachdeva

Background: Although pediatric appropriate use criteria (AUC) for outpatient transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) are available, little is known about TTE utilization patterns before their release. The aims of this study were to determine the relation between AUC and TTE utilization and to identify patient and physician factors associated with discordance between the AUC and clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective review of 3,000 initial outpatient pediatric cardiology encounters at six centers was performed. Investigator‐determined indications were classified using AUC definitions. Concordance between AUC and TTE utilization was determined. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify patient and physician factors associated with TTEs being performed for rarely appropriate and TTEs not being performed for appropriate indications. Results: Concordance between AUC and TTE utilization was 88%. TTE was performed for rarely appropriate indications in 9% and was associated with patient age < 3 months, indications of murmur, noninvasive imaging physician subspecialty, and physician volume. No TTE was ordered for appropriate indications in 3% and was associated with indications including prior test result (primarily abnormal electrocardiographic findings), older patients, and physician subspecialty other than generalist or imaging. There was high variability in TTE utilization among centers. Conclusions: There was a reasonable degree of concordance between AUC and clinical practice before AUC publication. Several patient and physician factors were associated with discordance with the AUC. These findings should be considered in efforts to disseminate the AUC and in the development of future iterations. The causes for variation among centers deserve further exploration. HighlightsLittle is known about baseline TTE utilization patterns and how well they align with the pediatric AUC.Concordance between pediatric AUC and TTE ordering was 88%.Among discordant ordering, the highest rates of TTE for rarely appropriate indications were in patients less than 3 months of age. An abnormal prior test result (primary abnormal electrocardiographic findings) was the indication most strongly associated with not ordering TTE for appropriate indications.There was high variability in concordance between AUC and TTE utilization between the different participating centers. Abbreviations: AUC = Appropriate use criteria; TTE = Transthoracic echocardiography.


Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology | 2016

Surgical Site Infections Following Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery: An Epidemiologic Analysis.

Michael L. Rinke; Dominique Jan; Janelle Nassim; Jaeun Choi; Steven J. Choi

OBJECTIVE To identify surgical site infection (SSI) rates following pediatric ambulatory surgery, SSI outcomes and risk factors, and sensitivity and specificity of SSI administrative billing codes. DESIGN Retrospective chart review of pediatric ambulatory surgeries with International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for SSI, and a systematic random sampling of 5% of surgeries without SSI ICD-9 codes, all adjudicated for SSI on the basis of an ambulatory-adapted National Healthcare Safety Network definition. SETTING Urban pediatric tertiary care center April 1, 2009-March 31, 2014. METHODS SSI rates and sensitivity and specificity of ICD-9 codes were estimated using sampling design, and risk factors were analyzed in case-rest of cohort, and case-control, designs. RESULTS In 15,448 pediatric ambulatory surgeries, 34 patients had ICD-9 codes for SSI and 25 met the adapted National Healthcare Safety Network criteria. One additional SSI was identified with systematic random sampling. The SSI rate following pediatric ambulatory surgery was 2.9 per 1,000 surgeries (95% CI, 1.2-6.9). Otolaryngology surgeries demonstrated significantly lower SSI rates compared with endocrine (P=.001), integumentary (P=.001), male genital (P<.0001), and respiratory (P=.01) surgeries. Almost half of patients with an SSI were admitted, 88% received antibiotics, and 15% returned to the operating room. No risk factors were associated with SSI. The sensitivity of ICD-9 codes for SSI following ambulatory surgery was 55.31% (95% CI, 12.69%-91.33%) and specificity was 99.94% (99.89%-99.97%). CONCLUSIONS SSI following pediatric ambulatory surgery occurs at an appreciable rate and conveys morbidity on children. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:931-938.


Clinical Pediatrics | 2018

Resident Documentation of Social Determinants of Health: Effects of a Teaching Tool in the Outpatient Setting

Milani Patel; Eleanor Bathory; Jenna Scholnick; Tanya White-Davis; Jaeun Choi; Sandra F. Braganza

Social determinants of health (SDH) significantly affect the health of children and thus, screening is important in pediatric primary care. We assessed the use of a formal social history taking tool after a 2-phase intervention. The first phase (P1) was a teaching module describing SDH and community resources and the second phase (P2) consisted of visual reminders to use the tool. Patient charts (n = 322) were reviewed pre- and postintervention. Residents had higher documentation rates of Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program use and housing subsidies at post-P1 and at post-P(1 + 2) (WIC, P = .01 and P = .03, respectively; housing, P = .02 and P = .04, respectively), and higher documentation rates of food stamp utilization at post-P(1 + 2) (P = .04), as compared with baseline. Implementation of a simple teaching tool in the outpatient setting enabled residents to document income benefits and housing. Further studies should be done to evaluate effective teaching methods to elicit other important SDH.


Journal of The Royal Statistical Society Series C-applied Statistics | 2017

Estimating the causal effect of treatment in observational studies with survival time end points and unmeasured confounding

Jaeun Choi; A. James O'Malley

Estimation of the effect of a treatment in the presence of unmeasured confounding is a common objective in observational studies. The Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) Instrumental Variables (IV) procedure is frequently used but is not applicable to time-to-event data if some observations are censored. We develop a simultaneous equations model (SEM) to account for unmeasured confounding of the effect of treatment on survival time subject to censoring. The identification of the treatment effect is assisted by IVs (variables related to treatment but conditional on treatment not to the outcome) and the assumed bivariate distribution underlying the data generating process. The methodology is illustrated on data from an observational study of time to death following endovascular or open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. As the IV and the distributional assumptions cannot be jointly assessed from the observed data, we evaluate the sensitivity of the results to these assumptions.


Clinical Pediatrics | 2017

Clinical Factors Associated With Chest Imaging Findings in Hospitalized Infants With Bronchiolitis

Joanne Nazif; Benjamin H. Taragin; Gabriella Azzarone; Michael L. Rinke; Sheila Liewehr; Jaeun Choi; Nora Esteban-Cruciani

Despite recommendations against routine imaging, chest radiography (CXR) is frequently performed on infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. We conducted a review of 811 infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis to identify clinical factors associated with imaging findings. CXR was performed on 553 (68%) infants either on presentation or during hospitalization; 466 readings (84%) were normal or consistent with viral illness. Clinical factors significantly associated with normal/viral imaging were normal temperature (odds ratio = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.03-2.67) and normal oxygen saturation (odds ratio = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.1-2.83) on presentation. Afebrile patients with normal oxygen saturations were nearly 3 times as likely to have a normal/viral CXR as patients with both fever and hypoxia. Our findings support the limited role of radiography in the evaluation of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis, especially patients without fever or hypoxia.


Lung Cancer | 2006

Carboplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and a poor performance status.

Thomas E. Stinchcombe; Jaeun Choi; Michael J. Schell; Andrea Mears; Paul Jones; Robert V. Nachtsheim; Mark A. Socinski

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Jianwen Cai

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Andrew F. Olshan

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Donglin Zeng

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Christopher M. Janson

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

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Glenn E. Mann

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

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Ingrid Fitz-James

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

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