Jai Gopal Gupta

Spray evolution, engine performance, emissions and combustion characterization of Karanja biodiesel fuelled common rail turbocharged direct injection transportation engine

Internal combustion engine research on alternative fuels has gained momentum because of growing awareness about energy security and environmental issues worldwide. Biodiesel offers an ideal solution to these problems and is an excellent partial replacement to mineral diesel. In this study, Karanja biodiesel blended with mineral diesel has been investigated for macroscopic spray characterization vis-à-vis baseline mineral diesel by varying fuel injection pressures (50, 100 and 150 MPa). Spray developed with relatively narrower spray angle for KB20. Injector needle movement for energizing and real injection durations were also compared for diesel and KB20 at fuel injection pressures of 50, 100 and 150 MPa. Needle movement was slightly higher for KB20 because of its relatively higher viscosity. However, with increasing fuel injection pressure, the difference reduced and showed quite similar results. A 2.2 L common rail direct injection sport utility vehicle EURO-IV diesel engine was used for the experiments. Engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of KB20 were compared with baseline mineral diesel at (1) the rated engine speed (2500 r/min) with varying engine loads as well as (2) at the rated load at varying engine speeds (1500–3500 r/min). Brake thermal efficiency of KB20 was lower than mineral diesel. Brake-specific carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions decreased with increasing brake mean effective pressure and showed increasing trend with increasing engine speeds. KB20 showed emission of higher number of particles compared to mineral diesel at all engine operating conditions. Higher oxygen content of biodiesel resulted in shorter ignition delay and slightly higher peak cylinder pressure. KB20 showed relatively longer combustion duration compared to mineral diesel at 2500 r/min engine speed.

Introduction to Sustainable Energy, Transportation Technologies, and Policy

Need of energy is continuously increasing with increasing development aspirations and world population. To meet the energy demand, world requires production of more energy from the available limited resources. Technological development is both a cause of many environmental problems as well as a key enabler for solving them. It is a matter of fact that the technologies of the past are still dominating in transport, energy production, industry, and agriculture sector, which are gradually harming our basic life supporting systems—clean water, fresh air, and fertile soil. However, in each of these sectors there are new technologies available or emerging that may essentially solve these environmental problems if used widely and wisely. Thus, new technologies have the potential to contribute in decoupling of economic growth from pressure on natural resources. To address the global challenges of energy security, climate change, and economic growth, it is a global need to develop low-carbon energy technologies such as bioenergy for heat and power, biofuels for transport, solar photovoltaic energy, solar thermal electricity, wind energy, solar heating and cooling, efficient and environment-friendly energy storage. The long-term sustainability of the global energy systems is essential to counter balance of current demographic, economic, social, and technological trends.

Particulate Emissions From Karanja Biodiesel Fuelled Turbocharged CRDI SUV Engine

The use of biodiesel substantially reduces particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, slightly reduces power output; increases fuel consumption and marginally increases oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission in an unmodified common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. Lower blends of biodiesel demonstrated lower emissions, while easing pressure on scarce petroleum resources, without significantly sacrificing engine power output and fuel economy.However due to adverse health effects of smaller size particulate matter (PM) emitted by internal combustion (IC) engines, most recent emission legislations restrict the PM mass emissions in addition to total particle numbers emitted. It is an overwhelming argument that usage of biodiesel leads to reduction in PM mass emissions. In this paper, experimental results of PM emissions using Karanja biodiesel blends (KB20 and KB40) in a modern CRDI transportation engine (maximum fuel injection pressure of 1600 bar) have been reported. This study also explores comparative effect of varying engine speed and load on PM emissions for biodiesel blends vis-a-vis baseline mineral diesel. Particulate size-number distribution, particle size-surface area distribution and total particulate number concentrations were experimentally determined under varying engine operating conditions and compared with baseline mineral diesel. KB20 showed highest particulate number concentration upto 80% rated engine loads, however at rated load, KB40 emitted highest number of particulates.© 2014 ASME

Effect of Biodiesel Utilization on Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oil in a Compression Ignition Engine

Biofuels are touted as a prime source of renewable and sustainable energy in near future. Biofuels have evolved from first to fourth generation. They mainly differ in feedstock and production technologies used. Biodiesel can be readily adopted as a partial substitute for mineral diesel in developing economies. Transesterification is an appropriate and well-established method for chemical modification of vegetable oils, which produces a suitable diesel fuel alternative “Biodiesel”. Biodiesel has proved to be an engine friendly and environment friendly substitute for mineral diesel. However, increased use of biodiesel has led to need of investigating the effect of biodiesel on engine durability, lubricating oil as well as hardware compatibility. The effect of biofuels and of their blends with diesel on engine tribology is not completely understood. Use of biodiesel as replacement fuel may lead to substantial lubricating oil dilution, because biodiesel has higher boiling range than mineral diesel. Since fuel interacts with the lubrication oil in the sump via fuel dilution, it is necessary to understand the impact of biodiesel on the lubricant properties. Oil consumption in heavy-duty diesel engines lies in ranges of 0.1–0.2 % of the total fuel consumption.