Jaisuk Yoo

Wide Range Parametric Study for the Pool Boiling of Nano-fluids with a Circular Plate Heater

The characteristics of boiling and critical heat flux (CHF) behavior of nano-fluids with alumina and silver nano-particles suspended in de-ionized water (pure water) were studied with circular plate heaters in the present study. Enhancements of CHF in nano-fluids in the wide range of particle sizes and concentrations were compared with those in pure water. Also, the effects of the particle deposition on CHF enhancement were investigated. All experiments were performed at the atmospheric pressure condition. The results show that the measured boiling curves in nano-fluids were shifted to the right and CHF were significantly enhanced for different nano-particle sizes and concentrations. The CHF of nano-fluids was increased as the size of the nano-particles decreased. On the other hand, nano-particle concentration value showing the maximum CHF had a critical value. In each pool boiling experiment of nano-fluids, nano-particles were deposited on the heater surface. Assuming that this phenomenon caused the CHF enhancement, pool boiling experiments of pure water were carried out with these nano-particle deposited heaters. The results of these tests were similar to those of the test of the nano-fluids for the CHF enhancement. The main cause of CHF enhancement was found to be the change of the heater surface structure. In order to analyze boiling phenomena of pure water and Al2O3 nano-fluids, boiling process was visualized by using a high speed camera.

Comparison of deep silicon etching using SF6/C4F8 and SF6/C4F6 plasmas in the Bosch process

Silicon was etched with the Bosch process using C4F8 and C4F6 plasmas in the deposition step to show a feasibility of the use of UFC plasmas in the Bosch process. The use of C4F8 and C4F6 plasmas resulted in different characteristics of fluorocarbon films and radicals, affecting the etch profiles. It was shown that the use of a C4F6 plasma in the deposition step of the Bosch process produced thicker and more strongly bonded fluorocarbon films, compared to a C4F8 plasma. It was because more CF2 radicals and lower F/C ratio fluorocarbon films were generated in C4F6 plasmas than those in C4F8 plasmas, confirmed by OES and XPS measurements. By changing only the duration of the deposition step under the same process conditions, highly anisotropic deep etching of silicon was successfully achieved using both SF6/C4F8 and SF6/C4F6 plasmas in the etching and/deposition steps of the Bosch process.

A Study on the Development of Measurement Techniques for Thermal Flows in MEMS

A review on advanced flow visualization techniques is presented particularly for applications to micro scale heat and mass transport measurements. Challenges, development and applications of micro scale visualization techniques are discussed for the study of heating/evaporating thin films, a heated micro channel, and a thermopneumatic micro pump. The developed methods are (1) Molecular Tagging Fluorescence Velocimetry (MTFV) using 10-nm caged seeding molecules (2) Micro Particle Velocimetry (MPIV) and (3) Ratiometric Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) for micro-resolution thermometry. These three methods are totally non-intrusive techniques and would be useful to investigate the temperature and flow characteristics in MEMS. Each of these techniques is discussed in three-fold: (1) its operating principle and operation, (2) its application and measurement results, and (3) its future challenges.

Vapor–Liquid Equilibria for the 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (HFC-143a)+1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) System

A vapor–liquid equilibrium apparatus has been developed and used to obtain data for the binary HFC-143a+HFC-134a system. Fifty-four equilibrium data are obtained for the HFC-143a+HFC-134a system over the temperature range from 263.15 to 313.15 K at 10 K intervals. The experimental data were correlated with the Carnahan–Starling–De Santis (CSD) and Peng–Robinson (PR) equations of state. Based upon the present data, the binary interaction parameters for the CSD and PR equations of state were calculated for six isotherms for the HFC-143a+HFC-134a system. The binary interaction parameters for both equations of state were fitted by a linear equation as a function of temperature. The present data were in good agreement with the calculated results from the CSD equation of state, and the deviations were less than 1.0% with the exception of two points.

Finite element analysis of solidification of aluminum with natural convection

Abstract It is well known that A segregation similar to that found in steel castings is the result of an upward flow of inter-dendritic liquid. The liquid steel rises because the density of the liquid in contact with the solid decreases with temperature decrease. The inter-dendritic liquid steel is thus lighter than the bulk liquid steel. Channels or A segregates are formed because the rising liquid steel must move towards the hotter center of the casting. As the temperature increases. the inter-dendritic liquid can dissolve the solid and a channel is formed. Once formed, a channel continues to grow, producing the well-developed A segregate in the final casting. Thus, detailed information during solidification in the presence of natural convection is of importance. Because of the non-linearity and complexity of the problem, analytic solutions of the solidification of pure metals and alloys are limited. In order to understand the interaction of fluid flow in solidifying system, a two-dimensional finite-element program which can be applied for solving the solidification of pure metals and alloys, including the effects of natural convection in liquid, was developed using a temperature-recovery scheme. Two numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and the capability of the program developed.

Development of fast-response portable NDIR analyzer using semiconductor devices

In this paper, a novel fast response NDIR analyzer (FRNDIR), which uses an electrically pulsed semiconductor emitter and dual type PbSe detector for the PPM-level detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) at a wavelength of 4.28 μm, is described. Modulation of conventional NDIR energy typically occurs at 1 to 20 Hz. To achieve real time highspeed measurement, the new analyzer employs a semiconductor light emitter that can be modulated by electrical chopping. Updated measurements are obtained every one millisecond. The detector has two independent lead selenide (PbSe) with IR band pass filters. Both the emitter accuracy and the detector sensitivity are increased by thermoelectric cooling of up to —20 degrees C in all semiconductor devices. Here we report the use of semiconductor devices to achieve improved performance such that these devices have potential application to CO2 gas measurement and, in particular, the measurement of fast response CO2 concentration at millisecond level.

A Study on the Design of Electromagnetic Valve Actuator for VVT Engine

Electromagnetic valve (EMV) actuation system is a new technology for improving fuel efficiency and at the same time reducing emissions in internal combustion engines. It can provide more flexibility in valve event control compared with conventional variable valve actuation devices. The electromagnetic valve actuator must be designed by taking the operating conditions and engine geometry limits of the internal combustion engine into account. To help develop a simple design method, this paper presents a procedure for determine the basic design parameters and dimensions of the actuator from the relations of the valve dynamics, electromagnetic circuit and thermal loading condition based on the lumped method. To verify the accuracy of the lumped method analysis, experimental study is also carried out on a prototype actuator. It is found that there is a relatively good agreement between the experimental data and the results of the proposed design procedure. Through the whole speed range, the actuator maintains proper performances in valve timing and event control.

Fabrication and Performance Investigation of Surface Temperature Sensor Using Fluorescent Nanoporous Thin Film II

We present a non-invasive technique to the measure temperature distribution in nano-sized porous thin films by means of the two-color laser-induced fluorescence (2-LIF) of rhodamine B. The fluorescence induced by the green line of a mercury lamp with the makeup of optical filters was measured on two separate color bands. They can be selected for their strong difference in the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence quantum yield. This technique allows for absolute temperature measurements by determining the relative intensities on two adequate spectral bands of the same dye. To measure temperature fields, Silica (SiO2) nanoporous structure with 1-um thickness was constructed on a cover glass, and fluorescent dye was absorbed into these porous thin films. The calibration curves of the fluorescence intensity versus temperature were measured in a temperature range of , and visualization and measurement of the temperature field were performed by taking the intensity distributions from the specimen for the temperature field.

The Theoretical Study of the Measuring Thermal Diffusivity of Semi-Infinite Solid Using the Photothermal Displacement

A method of measuring the thermal diffusivity of semi-infinite solid material at room temperature using photothermal displacement is proposed. In previous works, within the constant thickness of material, the thermal diffusivity was determined by the magnitude and phase of deformation gradient as the relative position between the pump and probe beams. In this study, however, a complete theoretical treatment of the photothermal displacement technique has been performed for thermal diffusivity measurement in semi-infinite solid materials. The influence of parameters, such as, radius and modulation frequency of the pump beam and the thermal diffusivity, was studied. We propose a simple analysis method based on the zero-crossing position of real part of deformation gradient and the minimum position of phase as the relative position between two beams. It is independent of parameters such as power of pump beam, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, Poisson’s ratio, and thermal expansion coefficient.

Experimental Study on Effect of Inclination Angle on Natural Convection from Cylindrical Heatsinks with Plate Fins

The natural convection heatsink is the most commonly used cooling device, especially for high-power LED lights, because of its reliability and low long-term cost. High power LED lights are generally used in an inclined configuration for street lamps and security lamps. However, it was difficult to estimate the thermal performance of an inclined heatsink, because the results from previous studies are not applicable to the inclined configuration. In this study, we measured the thermal performance of an inclined cylindrical heatsink with plate fins. Various fin numbers, fin heights, base temperatures, and inclination angles (30° and 60°) were examined. Based on the experimental results, the Nusselt number correlation is presented. This correlation is applicable when the Rayleigh number, ratio of the fin height to cylinder diameter, and fin number are in the ranges 100,000 600,000, 1/6 1/2, and 9-72, respectively. - -