Jakub Hadzik

A silver carp skin derived collagen in bone defect treatment-A histological study in a rat model.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in elaboration of novel therapeutic strategies, such as the use of the marine collagen products. Biochemical properties of marine collagen are different from those of mammalian collagen; e.g., its extremely high solubility in diluted acid. Extracts produced using low temperature techniques contain a number of small proteins and collagen with preserved triple helix structure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a new marine product Collgel® obtained with a unique method from a silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on bone defect healing in a rat study. For this purpose bone defects with diameters of 5mm were created in 15 animals and subsequently filled with Collgel combined with another commercially available material. Samples were processed for histological evaluation and a Micro-CT study was performed. Histological analysis showed new bone formation in all groups after 8 weeks. The bone formation was significantly increased in treated bone lesions compared to untreated bone tissue. However no significant difference was noted between the healing of the defects filled with xenogenic bovine derived bone substitute alone and xenogenic, bovine derived bone substitute combined with a marine delivered collagen. Finding from the histological examination was confirmed in a Micro-CT study. The study has shown that the new marine product can be used instead of conventional porcine or bovine collagen membranes in guided bone regeneration.

New nano-hydroxyapatite in bone defect regeneration: A histological study in rats

Many types of bone substitute materials are available on the market. Researchers are refining new bone substitutes to make them comparable to autologous grafting materials in treatment of bone defects. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the osseoconductive potential and bone defect regeneration in rat calvaria bone defects treated with new synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite. The study was performed on 30 rats divided into 5 equal groups. New preproduction of experimental nano-hydroxyapatite material by NanoSynHap (Poznań, Poland) was tested and compared with commercially available materials. Five mm critical size defects were created and filled with the following bone grafting materials: 1) Geistlich Bio-Oss®; 2) nano-hydroxyapatite+β-TCP; 3) nano-hydroxyapatite; 4) nano-hydroxyapatite+collagen membrane. The last group served as controls without any augmentation. Bone samples from calvaria were harvested for histological and micro-ct evaluation after 8 weeks. New bone formation was observed in all groups. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an amount of regenerated bone between 34.2 and 44.4% in treated bone defects, whereas only 13.0% regenerated bone was found in controls. Interestingly, in group 3, no significant particles of the nano-HA material were found. In contrast, residual bone substitute material could be detected in all other test groups. Micro-CT study confirmed the results of the histological examinations. The new nano-hydroxyapatite provides comparable results to other grafts in the field of bone regeneration.

Identification of Small Peptides of Acidic Collagen Extracts from Silver Carp Skin and Their Therapeutic Relevance

BACKGROUND Low-temperature techniques that prevent protein denaturation are being used to extract collagen from fish skin for cosmetic purposes. These extracts contain collagen with its triple helix structure preserved, as well as a number of other proteins. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate collagen extracts from the skin of silver carp for the presence of small-molecule peptides. MATERIAL AND METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was performed to analyze collagen extracts from silver carp skin for the presence of small-molecule peptides. RESULTS A large number of different peptides were detected in the silver carp skin collagen extracts analyzed. Among the smaller peptides, the most abundant were those of 7-29 aminoacids originating from the following proteins: collagen Iα1, collagen Iα2, collagen Iα3, collagen VIα3, decorin, lumican, histone H2A, histone H2B and histone H4. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that, in addition to high-molecular-weight collagen proteins, acidic collagen extracts acquired from the skin of silver carp at temperatures up to 16°C also contain considerable amounts of small 7-29 amino-acid peptides. The application of these peptides could therefore be expected to result in beneficial clinical effects in patients in need of reconstructive treatment.

Schneiderian Membrane Perforation Rate and Increase in Bone Temperature During Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation by Means of Er: YAG Laser—An Animal Study in Pigs

Purpose: To assess the time of preparation, bone temperature increase, and the Schneiderian membrane perforation rate during maxillary sinus floor elevation. Materials and Methods: The research included 30 maxillary sinuses (n = 30) of a pig, divided into 2 groups (n = 15). The lateral bony windows were created using Er:YAG laser (200 mJ, 15 Hz, energy density: 25.48 J/cm2) and a diamond bur (control). The membrane was elevated using laser (50 mJ, 50 Hz) and hand instruments. The bone temperature was measured by K-type thermocouple. Results: Significantly lower rates of the Schneiderian membrane perforation were found in the laser group (6.67%) compared with the bur (33%) (P < 0.05). The significant higher increase in temperature (mean 7.6°C) was found in the experimental group as compared with the control group (mean 2°C) (P = 0.0000033). The average time necessary for the laser bony window osteotomy was 10 minutes and 37 seconds, whereas using the bur required middling 5 minutes and 50 seconds (P = 0.000283). Conclusion: The application of Er:YAG laser may significantly reduce the risk of iatrogenic perforation of the Schneiderian membrane and does not cause an irreversible thermal damage in a pig model.

Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the implantation in the lateral part of the mandible between short tissue level (TE) and bone level (BL) implant systems

Short dental implants can be an alternative method of treatment to a vertical bone augmentation procedure at sites of reduced alveolar height. However, for successful treatment, an implant system that causes a minimal marginal bone loss (MBL) should be taken into consideration. The aim of the study has been to evaluate implantation effectiveness for bone level and tissue level short implants provided in lateral aspects of partially edentulous mandible and limited alveolar ridge height. The MBL and primary as well as secondary implant stability were determined in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the method of treatment provided. Sixteen short Bone Level Implants (OsseoSpeed TX, Astra tech) and 16 short Tissue Level Implants (RN SLActive®, Straumann) were successfully placed in the edentulous part of the mandible. The determination of the marginal bone level was based on radiographic evaluation after 12 and 36 weeks. Implant stability was measured immediately after insertion and after 12 weeks. The marginal bone level of Bone Level Implants was significantly lower compared to Tissue Level Implants. Furthermore, the Bone Level Implants had greater primary and secondary stability in comparison with Tissue Level Implants (Primary: 77.8 ISQ versus 66.5 ISQ; Secondary: 78.9 ISQ versus 73.9 ISQ, respectively). Since short Bone Level Implants showed a significantly decreased MBL 12 and 36 weeks after implantation as well as better results for the primary stability compared to Tissue Level Implants, they should preferentially be used for this mentioned indication.

The Influence of the Crown-Implant Ratio on the Crestal Bone Level and Implant Secondary Stability: 36-Month Clinical Study

Introduction When the era of dental implantology began, the pioneers defined some gold standards used in dental prosthetics treatment for implant-supported restorations. Referring to traditional prosthetics, it was taken for granted that the length of an implant placed in the alveolar bone (the equivalent of the root) should exceed the length of the superstructure. Aim of the Study The aim of the study was to determine whether implant length and the crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio influence implant stability and the loss of the surrounding marginal bone and whether short implants can be used instead of sinus augmentation procedures. Material and Methods The patients participating in the study (n = 30) had one single tooth implant, a short (OsseoSpeed™ L6 Ø4 mm, Implants) or a regular implant (OsseoSpeed L11 and L13 Ø4 mm, DENTSPLY Implants), placed in the maxilla. The evaluation was based on clinical and radiological examination. The crown-to-implant ratio was determined by dividing the length of the crown together with the abutment by the length of the implant placed crestally. Mean crown-to-implant ratios were calculated separately for each group and its correlation with the MBL (marginal bone loss) and stability was assessed. The authors compared the correlation between the C/I ratio values, MBL, and secondary implant stability. Results Positive results in terms of primary and secondary stability were achieved with both (short and conventional) implants. The MBL was low for short and conventional implants being 0.34 ± 0.24 mm and 0.22 ± 0.46 mm, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the C/I ratio and secondary stability as well as the C/I ratio and the marginal bone loss. Conclusions Short implants can be successfully used to support single crowns. The study has revealed no significant differences in the clinical performance of prosthetic restorations supported by short implants. Clinical trial registration number is NCT03471000.

Fractal dimension analysis a supplementary mathematical method for bone defect regeneration measurement

AIM OR PURPOSE The geometry of a bone defect is very complex. Its shape is too complicated to measure or compare with other bone defects using only traditional measuring methods Traditional measuring techniques based on the histomorphometric analysis of a bone specimen require supplementary measuring. For the fractal dimension analysis (FDA) mathematic formulas are used to describe complicated and chaotic shapes. The FDA offers a possibility of a comparison between complicated and complex shapes such as a histological image of a bone defect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FDA of bone defects as a supplementary method for a defect regeneration assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the purpose of this study, microscopic photographs of bone specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin obtained during a block biopsy were used. The bone blocks used in this study were obtained during a rat animal model study. Specimens were collected from 36 Wistar rats where a cranial defect was created and augmented with five different novel biomaterials and compared to the unfilled defect in the control group. New bone formation in every specimen was histomorphometrically measured by two independent operators and compared to FDA measurements. RESULTS Both traditional and FDA techniques have shown statistically significant differences between bone formation in test groups compared to the control one; on the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between other groups. The Pearsons r-test was conducted to measure the linear dependence (correlation) between standard measurements and the FDA, and a positive linear correlation was found -r=0.94. CONCLUSIONS The FDA can be used as a supplementary method for bone regeneration measurements.

Osseointegration of zirconia implants with 3 varyingsurface textures and a titanium implant:A histological and micro-CT study

BACKGROUND Zirconium - a bioinert metal - in comparison with titanium implants, offers a variety of potential advantages for use in the esthetic area of dentistry due to its tooth-like color. Zirconium dental implants are considered to be an alternative method of treatment to conventional titanium dental implants for patients with a thin gingival biotype. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to study the bone tissue response to new zirconia implants with modified surfaces in comparison with commercially available titanium dental implants and commercially available zirconia implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out on a group of 12 16-month-old minipigs. New zirconia implants with 3 different surfaces were used: M1 - blasted surface, M2 - etched surface and M3 - blasted and etched surface (Maxon Motor GmbH, Sexau, Germany) and compared to conventional titanium implants with an sandblasted and acid etched (SLA) surface (Straumann GmbH, Freiburg, Germany) and commercially available zirconia implants (Ziterion GmbH, Uffenheim, Germany). Histological and micro-computed tomopgraphy (micro-CT) evaluation was performed. RESULTS In the micro-CT assessment, the average bone-implant contact (BIC) of the zirconia experimental implants was 41.44%. In particular, the BIC% for M1 was 39.72%, for M2 it was 43.97%, and for M3 - 40.63%; in the control group it was 49.63% and 27.77% for ceramic and titanium control implants, respectively. The intra-group analysis showed no statistically important differences between the BIC values for implants in any group. However, the analysis of BIC for different regions of the same implant showed statistically significant differences in all of the groups between the results of the threaded region and the neck and the apex. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that zirconia implants with modified surfaces display features of osseointegration similar to those of titanium implants. These results are promising in using zirconia implants for dental applications in the future.

Histological examinations of the in vivo biocompatibilityof oxycellulose implanted into rat skeletal muscle

BACKGROUND Recently it was shown that oxycellulose suppressed bone regeneration led to an accumulation of connective tissue as well as foam cells in bone defects. OBJECTIVES Since oxycellulose can be used as a hemostatic agent in general and dental surgery, the aim of the study was to examine muscle tissue response to implanted oxidized cellulose. MATERIAL AND METHODS RESO-Cell® (Resorba Wundversorgung GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany) standard was implanted in the latissimus dorsi of 20 rats; subsequently, 12 samples were processed for histological evaluation after 4 and 8 weeks. The remaining 8 samples were processed for mRNA expression analyses of gene-encoding growth factors and collagens using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Muscle tissue exposed to oxycellulose showed elevated mRNA levels of COL1A1 compared to untreated muscle tissue. The histological analysis revealed that no undegraded oxycellulose was detectable after as little as 4 weeks. Furthermore, a strong accumulation of CD68-positive foam cells was found in the treated area. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the study has shown that oxidized cellulose can cause an inflammatory response after this material is implanted in skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is not recommended to leave this material in the body over a long period. However, it could be used as auxiliary material in the treatment of periodontal defects.

Osteogenic Potential of Oxycellulose: A Molecular-Biological and Histological Study in Rats

Oxidized cellulose is a polysaccharide substance formed by the oxidation of cellulose. Depending on the amount used, oxycellulose is completely absorbable and can be used as hemostatic agents in general and dental surgery for hemostatic purposes. Each procedure on the bone also carries the risk of bleeding, but still not much is known about the bone tissue reaction on this material. Due to this fact, the aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue reaction and osteogenic potential of the natural oxycellulose material RESORBA-CELL® standard by its implantation into rat cranial bone defects. The materials were evaluated using an established rat cranial defect model in 22 animals. One bone defect with a diameter of 5 mm was created per animal. The defects were filled with oxycellulose and left to heal for 4 weeks. Twelve samples (n=6 oxycellulose; n=6 untreated control lesions) were processed for histological evaluation. The remaining 10 samples were processed for mRNA expression analysis of genes coding for growth factors and osteogenic differentiation using quantitative RT-PCR. In oxycellulose treated bone lesions significant reduced mRNA levels of Runx2, Bglap and COL1A1 were found. The expression reached 74%, 73% and 47% of the mRNA quantity of the untreated bone, respectively. In the histological sections, the bone defects were completely filled with connective tissue / bone marrow with embedded foam cells after four weeks. In contrast to the controls, the tested material do not induced early bone healing. The residual bone seems to be rather absorbed. In conclusion, the study has shown that the RESORBA-CELL® oxidized cellulose has no osteogenic potential, but it still can be considered as a useful wound dressing in the dental surgery.