Jakub Kakietek

An investment framework for nutrition : reaching the global targets for stunting, anemia, breastfeeding, and wasting

The report estimates the costs impacts and financing scenarios to achieve the World Health Assembly global nutrition targets for stunting anemia in women exclusive breastfeeding and the scaling up of the treatment of severe wasting among young children. To reach these four targets the world needs

Reaching the global target to reduce stunting: an investment framework.

70 billion over 10 years to invest in high-impact nutrition-specific interventions. This investment would have enormous benefits: 65 million cases of stunting and 265 million cases of anemia in women would be prevented in 2025 as compared with the 2015 baseline. In addition at least 91 million more children would be treated for severe wasting and 105 million additional babies would be exclusively breastfed during the first six months of life over 10 years. Altogether achieving these targets would avert at least 3.7 million child deaths. Every dollar invested in this package of interventions would yield between

An investment framework for nutrition in Afghanistan : estimating the costs, impacts, and cost-effectiveness of expanding high-impact nutrition interventions to reduce stunting and invest in the early years

4 and

Supporting the National Action Plan on Nutrition: Estimating the Cost, Impact, Cost-Effectiveness, and Economic Benefits of Expanding the Coverage of Direct Nutrition Interventions in Bangladesh

35 in economic returns making investing in early nutrition one of the best value-for-money development actions. Although some of the targets -- especially those for reducing stunting in children and anemia in women -- are ambitious and will require concerted efforts in financing scale-up and sustained commitment recent experience from several countries suggests that meeting these targets is feasible. These investments in the critical 1000 day window of early childhood are inalienable and portable and will pay lifelong dividends -- not only for children directly affected but also for us all in the form of more robust societies -- that will drive future economies.

Determinants of the Global Prices of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods:

Abstract Childhood stunting, being short for one’s age, has life-long consequences for health, human capital and economic growth. Being stunted in early childhood is associated with slower cognitive development, reduced schooling attainment and adult incomes decreased by 5–53%. The World Health Assembly has endorsed global nutrition targets including one to reduce the number of stunted children under five by 40% by 2025. The target has been included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG target 2.2). This paper estimates the cost of achieving this target and develops scenarios for generating the necessary financing. We focus on a key intervention package for stunting (KIPS) with strong evidence of effectiveness. Annual scale-up costs for the period of 2016–25 were estimated for a sample of 37 high burden countries and extrapolated to all low and middle income countries. The Lives Saved Tool was used to model the impact of the scale-up on stunting prevalence. We analysed data on KIPS budget allocations and expenditure by governments, donors and households to derive a global baseline financing estimate. We modelled two financing scenarios, a ‘business as usual’, which extends the current trends in domestic and international financing for nutrition through 2025, and another that proposes increases in financing from all sources under a set of burden-sharing rules. The 10-year financial need to scale up KIPS is US

Optima Nutrition: an allocative efficiency tool to reduce childhood stunting by better targeting of nutrition-related interventions

49.5 billion. Under ‘business as usual’, this financial need is not met and the global stunting target is not reached. To reach the target, current financing will have to increase from US

Scaling up nutrition in Guinea-Bissau : what will it cost?

2.6 billion to US

An investment framework for nutrition in Kenya : reducing stunting and other forms of child malnutrition

7.4 billion a year on average. Reaching the stunting target is feasible but will require large coordinated investments in KIPS and a supportive enabling environment. The example of HIV scale-up over 2001–11 is instructive in identifying the factors that could drive such a global response to childhood stunting.

Financing Needs to Reach the Four Global Nutrition Targets: Stunting, Anemia, Breastfeeding, and Wasting

This paper examines the costs, impacts, and cost-effectiveness of scaling up over five years the nutrition interventions included in Afghanistan’s Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS) as a first step in investing in the early years to build human capital. The total public investment required for the scale up to government-set program coverage levels is estimated to be 44 million US dollars per year over five years, or 1.49 US dollars per capita per year. Each dollar invested would yield at least 13 US dollars in economic returns and even under conservative assumptions regarding future economic growth, the economic benefits exceed the cost by six times which is 815 million US dollars over the productive lives of the beneficiaries. This scale up would prevent almost 25,000 child deaths and over 4,000 cases of stunting and avert a loss of 640,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and almost 90,000 cases years of anemia. Almost 100,000 more children would be exclusively breastfed. However, this scale-up would only have a marginal effect, a decrease of less than one-half percentage point on stunting prevalence because the current government-set target program coverage rates are very low for the preventive interventions that affect stunting. A substantially greater impact could be achieved if preventive interventions could be scaled to full program coverage levels, which would require less than 5 million US dollars more a year. This would triple the number of DALYs averted, double the number of deaths averted and avert almost eight times as many cases of stunting, resulting in a 2.6 percentage point decline in stunting over the five year period (from 41 percent to 38 percent). The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women could be reduced by 12 percentage points and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding could be increased by 18 percentage points. In addition, this investment is projected to generate economic benefits of 815 million US dollars over the productive lives of the beneficiaries. Each dollar invested would yield more than 13 US dollars in economic returns. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for the total cost, cost-effectiveness, and economic returns on investing in the BPHS nutrition interventions.

An Investment Framework for Nutrition in Afghanistan

In January 2016 the Government of Bangladesh requested technical assistance from the World Bank and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to estimate the cost of implementing nutrition actions considered for the inclusion in the country’s Second National Plan of Action for Nutrition (NPAN2) and to assist with the prioritization of scale up of the nutrition action over the coming 10 years. This report presents the analysis conducted as part of the technical assistance. It consists of four parts. Part I presents background context and an overview of nutritional status of the population of Bangladesh, with a focus on pregnant women and children under age five. Part II describes the methodology employed, including details on the assumptions used to develop unit costs (cost per beneficiary) that will be used by the Government of Bangladesh as the basis for estimating the cost of the implementation of the NPAN2. Part III presents an analysis of the costs, benefits, and cost-effectiveness of a set of key nutrition-specific interventions included in the NPAN2. Part IV of the report summarizes the main conclusions, limitations, and policy implications. The goal of the analysis is to contribute to the building of an investment case for nutrition in Bangladesh and to inform prioritization within the NPAN2 by identifying which interventions are the most cost-effective (that is, which offer the lowest cost per death averted or case of stunting averted) and in which geographic regions investments in nutrition-specific action have the potential to achieve the greatest impact.