James B. Greenberg

Reimagining Political Ecology

Reimagining Political Ecology is a state-of-the-art collection of ethnographies grounded in political ecology. When political ecology first emerged as a distinct field in the early 1970s, it was rooted in the neo-Marxism of world system theory. This collection showcases second-generation political ecology, which retains the Marxist interest in capitalism as a global structure but which is also heavily influenced by poststructuralism, feminism, practice theory, and cultural studies. As these essays illustrate, contemporary political ecology moves beyond binary thinking, focusing instead on the interchanges between nature and culture, the symbolic and the material, and the local and the global. Aletta Biersack’s introduction takes stock of where political ecology has been, assesses the field’s strengths, and sets forth a bold research agenda for the future. Two essays offer wide-ranging critiques of modernist ecology, with its artificial dichotomy between nature and culture, faith in the scientific management of nature, and related tendency to dismiss local knowledge. The remaining eight essays are case studies of particular constructions and appropriations of nature and the complex politics that come into play regionally, nationally, and internationally when nature is brought within the human sphere. Written by some of the leading thinkers in environmental anthropology, these rich ethnographies are based in locales around the world: in Belize, Papua New Guinea, the Gulf of California, Iceland, Finland, the Peruvian Amazon, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Collectively, they demonstrate that political ecology speaks to concerns shared by geographers, sociologists, political scientists, historians, and anthropologists alike. And they model the kind of work that this volume identifies as the future of political ecology: place-based “ethnographies of nature” keenly attuned to the conjunctural effects of globalization. Contributors. Eeva Berglund, Aletta Biersack, J. Peter Brosius, Michael R. Dove, James B. Greenberg, Soren Hvalkof, J. Stephen Lansing, Gisli Palsson, Joel Robbins, Vernon L. Scarborough, John W. Schoenfelder, Richard Wilk

Formation and transformation of funds of knowledge

Contents: Preface. N. Gonzalez, L. Moll, C. Amanti, Introduction. Part I: Theoretical Underpinnings. N. Gonzalez, Beyond Culture: The Hybridity of Funds of Knowledge. C. Velez-Ibanez, J. Greenberg, Formation and Transformation of Funds of Knowledge. L. Moll, C. Amanti, D. Neff, N. Gonzalez, Funds of Knowledge for Teaching: Using a Qualitative Approach to Connect Homes and Classrooms. N. Gonzalez, L. Moll, M.F. Tenery, A. Rivera, P. Rendon, C. Amanti, Funds of Knowledge for Teaching in Latino Households. Part II: Teachers as Researchers. M.F. Tenery, La Visita. C. Amanti, Beyond a Beads and Feathers Approach. M. Hensley, Empowering Parents of Multicultural Backgrounds. P. Sandoval-Taylor, Home Is Where the Heart Is: A Funds of Knowledge-Based Curriculum Module. A. Browning-Aiken, Border-Crossings: Funds of Knowledge Within an Immigrant Household. J. Messing, Social Reconstructions of Schooling: Teacher Evaluations of What They Learned From Participation in the Funds of Knowledge Project. Part III: Translocations: New Contexts, New Directions. M. Brenden, Funds of Knowledge and Team Ethnography: Reciprocal Approaches. P. Buck, P.S. Sylvester, Pre-Service Teachers Enter Urban Communities: Coupling Funds of Knowledge Research and Critical Pedagogy in Teacher Education. C. Mercado, Reflections on the Study of Households in New York City and Long Island: A Different Route, a Common Destination. N. Gonzalez, R. Andrade, M. Civil, L. Moll, Funds of Distributed Knowledge. Part IV: Concluding Commentary. L. Moll, Reflections and Possibilities.

Mary, Michael, and Lucifer : folk Catholicism in central Mexico

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Setting, People, and Village 3. History 4. The Family 5. Ritual Kinship 6. The Faces of Evil 7. The Ceremonial Cycle 8. The Struggle with Evil 9. Los Aires 10. Syncretism and Social Meanings: An Overview Notes Bibliography Index

Holographic CPV field tests at the Tucson Electric Power solar test yard

Holographic concentrators incorporated into PV modules were used to build a 1600 W grid-tied PV system at the Tucson Electric Power solar test yard. Holograms in concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) modules diffract light to increase irradiance on PV cells within each module. No tracking is needed for low concentration ratios, and the holographic elements are significantly less expensive than the PV cells. Additional advantages include bi-facial acceptance of light, reduced operating temperature, and increased cell efficiency. These benefits are expected to result in higher energy yields [kwh] per unit cost. Field tests of the holographic concentrator system are reported here. A performance ratio greater than 1 was observed. The field tests include comparison with other flat plate non-tracking PV systems at the same test yard. Predicted yields are also compared with the data.

El capital, los rituales y las fronterasde la comunidad corporativa cerrada

ocos articulos en antropologia han tenido elimpacto de aquellos dos escritos por Wolf en1955 y 1957,donde el proponia una tipologia decomunidades campesinas en America Latina y dondeelaboraba su modelo de la comunidad campesina cor-porativa cerrada. Estos dos trabajos de Wolf, sin duda,allanaron el camino teorico.Ahi,Wolf no solo delineabalos rasgos estructurales que debian ser incluidos en unatipologia de comunidades campesinas, ademas, el argu-mentaba que tales estructuras eran resultado de ciertotipo de ambientes sociopoliticos creados por la sociedadmas amplia. Wolf afirmaba, de manera especifica, quelas comunidades campesinas corporativas cerradas eranuna creacion de politicas colonialistas particulares queestablecieron una serie de barreras alrededor de dichascomunidades autoctonas con el fin de,no solo limitar suacceso a las fuentes de poder y riqueza en la sociedadmas amplia,sino tambien para asegurar que tales comu-nidades brindaran la fuerza de trabajo necesaria para lasempresas coloniales y que produjeran los cultivos co-merciales necesarios para los imperios mercantiles colo-niales. Para evitar los costos de administracion directa,los poderes coloniales otorgaron una relativa autonomiaa las comunidades autoctonas para que gobernasen susasuntos internos.Aunque estas politicas de gobierno in-directo cargaron los costos administrativos a las mismascomunidades campesinas, estas tambien propiciaron elespacio cultural necesario para desarrollar mecanismosde defensa —que a menudo modificaron las mismas ins-tituciones que se les impusieron— para hacer frente alas nuevas formas de explotacion derivadas de su inte-gracion a la economia de mercado.Wolf afirmaba que en Mesoamerica, por ejemplo,aquellas instituciones impuestas a las comunidades au-toctonas para su administracion civil y su instruccionreligiosa se convirtieron en el elemento principal para ladefensa comunitaria en contra de las fuerzas externasque amenazaban con usurpar sus tierras, su bienestareconomico y aun sus sistemas de creencias. De la mismamanera, Wolf senalaba que el obligar a todos los hom-bres a participar en la jerarquia civil-religiosa de la co-munidad sirvio para diferenciar a los miembros de la132