James C. Mikkelsen

Electrical processes in nonpolar liquids based on initial transient response and recovery

Experimental and theoretical results for neutral barium petronate solutions in isopar L are reported. The experimental techniques are novel in that they include the use of ac conductivity measurements during transient depletion and recovery. Use is made of a one-dimensional numerical model to extract actual ion mobilities. Deviations from a one-dimensional theoretical model are shown to be due to a fluid instability which grows in the highly stressed space charge regions near the electrodes. This instability is examined theoretically and is shown quantitatively to have a predictable electrohydrodynamic origin. Furthermore, suspended particles are used to confirm the existence of unstable motion, and also to unambiguously determine the polarity of ions associated with each mobility. Under subsequent zero bias, recovery of the solutions from nearly complete depletion is shown to originate at the solid surfaces of the test cell.

Seventy-five-copy-per-minute printing with air-assisted ionography

Printing at the rate of 75 pages per minute has been demonstrated with a modified Corjet ionographic head mounted on a modified Delphax 2460 printer engine, using grey scale fonts and encapsulated toner. Image quality approaching that of laser xerography was obtained. Very good reliability is predicted for the printer components.