James G. Kahn

Cost effectiveness of single-dose nevirapine regimen for mothers and babies to decrease vertical HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa

BACKGROUND Identification of economical interventions to decrease HIV-1 transmission to children is an urgent public-health priority in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the cost effectiveness of the HIVNET 012 nevirapine regimen. METHODS We assessed cost effectiveness in a hypothetical cohort of 20,000 pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Our main outcome measures were programme cost, paediatric HIV-1 cases averted, cost per case averted, and cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). We compared HIVNET 012 with other short-course antiretroviral regimens. We also compared two implementation strategies: counselling and HIV-1 testing before treatment (targeted treatment), or nevirapine for all pregnant women (universal treatment, no counselling and testing). We did univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses. FINDINGS For universal treatment with 30% HIV-1 seroprevalence, the HIVNET 012 regimen would avert 603 cases of HIV-1 in babies, cost US

HIV prevention before HAART in sub-Saharan Africa

83,333, and generate 15,862 DALYs. The associated cost-effectiveness ratios were

Reassessing HIV prevention

138 per case averted or

Cost-Effectiveness of Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in a South African Setting

5.25 per DALY. At 15% seroprevalence, the universal treatment option would cost

Relationship between Fluoroquinolone Area under the Curve:Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Ratio and the Probability of Eradication of the Infecting Pathogen, in Patients with Nosocomial Pneumonia

83,333 and avert 302 cases at

Thresholds for the cost–effectiveness of interventions: alternative approaches

276 per case averted or

The antiretroviral rollout and drug-resistant HIV in Africa: insights from empirical data and theoretical models

10.51 per DALY. For targeted treatment at 30% seroprevalence, HIVNET 012 would cost

The effect of health insurance on medical care utilization and implications for insurance expansion: a review of the literature.

141,922 and avert 476 cases at

Gestational diabetes mellitus: results from a survey of country prevalence and practices

298 per case averted or

Crack, sex, and STD

11.29 per DALY. With seroprevalence higher than 3.0% for universal and 4.5% for targeted treatment, the HIVNET 012 regimen was likely to be as cost effective as other public-health interventions. The cost effectiveness of HIVNET 012 was robust under a wide range of parameters in the sensitivity analysis. INTERPRETATION The HIVNET 012 regimen can be highly cost-effective in high seroprevalence settings. In lower seroprevalence areas, when multidose regimens are not cost effective, nevirapine therapy could have a major public-health impact at a reasonable cost.