James Hogg

The use of 'Snoezelen' as multisensory stimulation with people with intellectual disabilities: a review of the research

The past 15 years have seen a marked increase in the use of Snoezelen with a wide range of groups including people with intellectual disabilities. Research has been undertaken with respect to a variety of behaviors, notably changes in affect, challenging behavior, relaxation and interactions with both other persons and objects. Typically studies have adopted an applied behavior analysis approach, with a small number employing physiological measures. Research designs vary markedly in their technical adequacy and the participants have a wide range of intellectual disability, age, and additional characteristics such as autism. Much of the literature reviewed demonstrates a wide range of positive outcomes when Snoezelen Vs non-Snoezelen environments are contrasted, though there is little evidence of generalisation even to the immediate post-Snoezelen environment. Several studies, however, do yield entirely negative outcomes. It is difficult to attribute these differing outcomes to either participant characteristics or contrasted designs, given the diversity of approaches to evaluation and the relatively small number of studies. The review also addresses the issue of staff and carer attitudes and the place of Snoezelen in facilitating positive interactions, incidental to any specific sensory effects. Attention is drawn to the need to improve research designs in studying Snoezelen and to developing a clearer theoretical basis for use of this approach.

Profound retardation and multiple impairment

Part 1 Causes, specific conditions and their management: the medical and physical care and management of people with profound retardation and multiple impairments, James Hogg et al genetic counselling and multiple handicaps, I.D. Young Down Syndrome, J. Carr Prader-Willi syndrome, R. Williams Tuberous sclerosis, A. Hunt Rett sydrome, Y. Milne congenital Rubella - the epidemiology and control of Rubella in Britain, C. Miller congenital Rubella - developmental effects of Rubella, H. Bradley cytomegalo virus and the management of the congenitally infected child, P. Tookey and C.S. Peckham. Part 2 Three major associated conditions - cerebral palsy, epilepsy and difficult behaviours: epilepsy - identification and management, M. Clarke the use of drugs in the control of problem behaviour in people with profound retardation and multiple impairments, C.K.Kieman cerebral palsy and profound retardation, P. Eckersley surgical interventation and orthotic appliances, W.J.W. Sharrard hygiene, J.A. Charlett dental care, A. Crawford footcare for people with profound impairments, G. Zarnecki diet, P.Hewitt sleep, A. Burton the management of continence, P. Halliday sexual development and menstruation, A. Craft et al.

Multi-Sensory Storytelling as an Aid to Assisting People with Profound Intellectual Disabilities to Cope with Sensitive Issues: A Multiple Research Methods Analysis of Engagement and Outcomes.

The importance of storytelling in social, cultural and educational contexts is well established and documented. The extension of storytelling to people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) has in recent years been undertaken with an emphasis on the value of sensory experience and the context storytelling provides for social interaction. The present study builds on earlier curriculum orientated research with a view to describe patterns of social and story‐oriented interaction during storytelling. The stories dealt with sensitive topics raised by family carers who wished the young person with PIMD to understand. Behavioural observation during storytelling sessions explored changes in engagement while semi‐structured interviews with parents and professionals explored the extent to which the experience had benefitted the young person with respect to the sensitive topic. Positive changes in engagement with the story were shown for seven of the eight participants. For six of the seven, a parent and a professional agreed that the outcome of the experience positively enabled the participant to cope better with the sensitive topic. The specific multi‐sensory storytelling factors leading to these outcomes are discussed, as is the issue of proxy reporting and determining the nature of understanding in people with PIMD.

Abuse and Protection Issues across the Lifespan: Reviewing the Literature

The literature is reviewed: (a) comparing models of abuse and protection applied at each stage of the lifespan; and (b) exploring abuse and protection issues with respect to individuals over time. A paucity of comparative and lifespan work in the field of abuse and protection is reported. Within the available literature, different types of knowledge are drawn upon and contrasted definitions of ‘abuse’ and ‘protection’ employed. Accordingly, the most significant findings of the review are in the dissonances and the gaps surrounding the substantive findings. Examples are presented to demonstrate this, while new directions for discussion and research are proposed.

Characteristics of older people with intellectual disabilities in England

Publisher Summary The policy of successive governments in the United Kingdom has been, for the past 30 years, one of developing community-based services for a wide range of groups of disabled persons, as well as elderly persons. This policy has entailed closure of large-scale institutions and the relocation of people in their local communities or their maintenance in such settings. Wide variations in the speed at which community care policy have evolved. The form that service provision has taken is found at national, regional, and local levels in Great Britain. Within the individual countries in Great Britain, regional health authorities with primary responsibility for closure of institutions have developed widely differing plans with varying degrees of enlightenment in relation to the form community provision should take. Community care policy in Great Britain is directed to a wide range of disability groups, including those with intellectual disabilities. Among the latter population, reduced mortality and increased longevity have led to a growing number of older people with intellectual disability.

Competence and Quality in the Lives of People with Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities: Some Recent Research

While the right to life, ‘personhood’, and the educability of people with profound and multiple learning disabilities are still under‐debated, service providers and research workers continue to extend the boundaries of expectation with respect to what such people can achieve. In this paper the messages of recent research are summarised and key references for fuller information suggested. The need to bring together such specialised knowledge in the framework of an ordinary life aimed at enhancing competence and quality of life is urged.

Making leisure provision for people with profound learning and multiple disabilities

Part 1 Present provision and needs: sources of information about the leisure of people with profound and multiple disability, Judith Cavet the ecology of leisure provision - contexts and engagement, James Hogg leisure provision in Europe, Judith Cavet. Part 2 Environments and activities: multisensory environments, Judith Cavet and Helen Mount physical activities, Mark Leach and Howard Bailey task-orientated enjoyment, Freda Abro gardening - a multisensory experience, Loretto Lambe art, drama and music, Helen Mount holidays and outings, Loretto Lambe and Helen Mount play materials, Carol Ouvry and Suzie Mitchell microtechnology, Nick Pronger aromatherapy, Helen Sanderson. Part 3 Leisure training for parents, carers and volunteers: leisure workshops for parents and carers, Loretto Lambe the development of a leisure resource training pack for those working with people with profound and multiple disabilities, Loretto Lambe.

A Cluster Analysis of Support Networks of Older People with Severe Intellectual Impairment.

The report describes the results of a demographic survey of people with severe intellectual impairment over 50 years of age living in a single Metropolitan Borough (popn. 220,000) in the U.K. The survey sought to collect comprehensive information on a relatively small group of individuals, rather than covering a larger population in less depth, and which enabled the resulting analysis to elicit the complex patterns of interaction which exist between service/informal support variables and variables describing characteristics of the clients themselves. Using a multivariate technique, it was possible to determine the overall structure of the data set, and to observe the significance of age and measures of functional ability within this overall structure. Apart from a number of variables which appeared to be relatively independent, seven clusters were identified, corresponding to a number of important domains within the lives of these individuals. The clusters related to (a) contact with relatives, (b) commun...

Behavior states: now you see them, now you don't.

Guess, Roberts, Behrens, and Rues (1998) presented reliability data from recordings of behavior state using a 13-category coding system. Interobserver agreement was reported at 63% to 91% across categories. In an attempt at replication, we found lower levels of reliability (0% to 80%). To determine the reasons for different results, we obtained measurements of behavior states from video-recordings by five of Guess et al.s observers. Again, replication was unsuccessful. Obtained mean percentage agreement on occurrence for individual behavior states and participants ranged across observer pairs from 0% to 58% (kappa range was 0 to .64). Some possible reasons for failures to replicate are discussed.

Assessing adults with intellectual disability

Introduction: Assesssment in Perspective (James Hogg and Arturo Langa). PART I: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES IN ASSESSMENT. Chapter 1: Issues in the Systematic Assessment of Quality of Life (Robert A. Cummins). Chapter 2: Outside the Box: Assessment for Life and Work in the Community (Patricia Noonan Walsh). Chapter 3: Interdisciplinary Assessment of People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (Carla Vlaskamp). Chapter 4: The Assessment of Mental Illness in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (Edwin J. Mikkelsen, Lauren R. Charlot and Arturo Langa). Chapter 5: Issues in the Assessment of Challenging Behaviour (Eric Emerson). Chapter 6: People with Intellectual Disabilities Who Offend or Are Alleged to Have Offended (Gillian Anderson). Chapter 7: The Assessment of Dementia in People with Intellectual Disabilites Context, Strategy and Methods (Chris Oliver and Sunny Kalsy). Chapter 8: Genetic Syndromes and Behavioural Phenotypes (Robert M. Walley). PART II: STRATEGIES AND INSTRUMENTS. Chapter 9: Instruments Assessing Quality of Life (Robert A. Cummins). Chapter 10: Assessment and Employment of People with Intellectual Disabilites (Patricia Noonan Walsh). Chapter 11: Assessing People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilites (Carla Vlaskamp). Chapter 12: Commonly Employed Psychopathology Instruments for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (Lauren R. Charlot and Edwin J, Mikkelsen). Chapter 13: Instruments for Assessing Behavioural Problems (Kirk Zimbelman). Chapter 14: People with Intellectual Disabilities Who Offend or Are at Risk of Offending: Assessing Need and Risk (Gillian Anderson). Chapter 15: The Assessment of Dementia in People with Intellectual Disabilities Key Assessment Instruments (Sunny Kalsy and Chris Oliver). Chapter 16: Behavioural Phenotypes: Approaches to Assessment (Robert M. Walley). Index.