James Jaffe

The History of the British Coal Industry. Volume 1, Before 1700: Towards the Age of Coal.

This is the eagerly awaited first volume of the definitive History of the British Coal Industry. Well before 1700 Britain had become heavily dependent upon coal for its fuel, and coalmining had taken its place among the nations staple industries. John Hatcher traces the production and trade of coal from the intermittent small-scale activity which prevailed in the Middle Ages to the rapid expansion and rising importance which characterized the early modern era. Thoroughly grounded in a formidable range of sources, the book explores the economics and management of mining, the productivity and profitability of colliery enterprise, and the progress of technology. Dr Hatcher examines the owners and operators of collieries and the sources of mining capital, as well as the colliers themselves, their working conditions and earnings. He argues that the spectacular growth of coal output in this period was achieved more through evolutionary than revolutionary processes. This is a scholarly, detailed, and comprehensive study, which will be an essential source for all historians of the medieval and early modern economy, and fascinating reading for anyone with an interest in the British coal industry.

The struggle for market power : industrial relations in the British coal industry, 1800-1840

Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction 1. Capital and credit 2. The perception of the market and industrial policy 3. Managerial capitalism 4. Family, community, and the labor market 5. Work and the ideology of the market 6. Religion, ideology, and trade unions 7. The transformation of market relations: Tommy Hepburns union, 1831 8. Epilogue: class struggle and market power Conclusion: the labor process and the market Appendix Select bibliography Index.

Ironies of colonial governance : law, custom and justice in colonial India

Part I. Discoveries and Adaptations: 1. The rise and fall of the panchayat in the Bombay Presidency 2. Bringing justice to every mans door 3. Appeals and the language of petitioning 4. The construction of panchayat legality 5. The panchayat and trial by jury, I: the civil trial 6. The panchayat and trial by jury, II: military and criminal justice 7. The panchayat debate in the Bengal Presidency Part II. Lineages and Legacies: 8. The panchayat from village republic to municipality 9. The panchayat and the building of civil society 10. The panchayat legacy.

CUSTOM, IDENTITY, AND THE JURY IN INDIA, 1800–1832 *

This article analyses the reception and understanding of the Indian village council (panchayat) among East India Company officials, British politicians, and Indian intellectuals during the first third of the nineteenth century. One of the several ways in which the panchayat was imagined was as an institution analogous to the English jury. As such, the panchayat took on significant meaning, especially for those influenced by the Scottish Orientalist tradition and who were serving in India. The issue became especially salient during the 1820s and 1830s as the jury system was debated and reformed in England. In this context, there was a transnational interplay of both ideas and policies that shaped both Company rule in India as well as the first generation of Indian nationalists.

Industrial Arbitration, Equity, and Authority in England, 1800—1850

In an obscure aside, the well-known English working-class radical, Francis Place, remarked in his Autobiography that even when “in deepest poverty” he had tried to serve other artisans. Some he had helped to train up as small masters or foremen while others he aided by working to settle their problems and disputes. “I had many matters brought to me for adjudication, arbitration or arrangement,” he wrote. “I hardly know the time when for three months together I have been free from this kind of interference.” Most matters it seems had to do with debtors and their creditors, but others appear to have concerned the settlement of estates or even affairs “related to an association or large body of men.” While he may have been justly proud of his service to the working-class community, Places comment provides an insight into working-class life that is rarely glimpsed. He did not choose the word arbitration accidentally. By the nineteenth century, life and work in England had been penetrated by forms of dispute resolution that were meant to secure “order without law.”

Religion, gender and education in a Durham Parish during the early nineteenth century

Historians of religion and society are often confronted with the difficult task of defining the distinctive characteristics of the various adherents of Church and chapel. Certainly, one of the most useful as well as the most frequently employed analytical tools in this endeavour has been the correlation of occupation to religious preference.1 While this approach can be, and has been, enormously revealing, it still has several distinct drawbacks. First, of course, there is the common problem of appropriately identifying and grouping the enormous variety and gradations of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled occupations. While the grouping of occupations itself presents several inherent difficulties, its use as an analytical tool is further restricted by the fact that while occupational identification may provide a rough guide to status levels in society, it can in no way compensate for our lack of knowledge of, for example, the range of earnings within a specific occupational group at any particular time.