James L. Fridley

Large Rectangular Bales for Woody Biomass

Woody biomass from wildfire prevention and forest health improvement projects is a significant source of feedstock for bio refineries, combustion energy facilities and other value-added uses. Baling into large rectangular bales offers increased bulk density and easier handling for local and long-distance transportation. By preserving large piece sizes, value potential is maximized. We conducted a problem analysis across the Western US that included surveys, interviews and site visits. Subsequent technology analyses and ideation resulted in a conclusion that prefers large rectangular bales as the handling unit.

Advances in Woody Biomass Drying by Taking Advantage of Surface Properties

Comprehensive models for grain drying have been derived using critical data available from literature dating back to Shedd’s 1953 work on pressure drop. Although dryer design data for grains and many industrial materials are known, Forest Concepts has developed data and evidence that biomass feedstocks are sufficiently unique that published design data is not applicable. Adaptations of grain models to woody biomass are difficult as many of the coefficients used in the models are unknown. Further, typical grain drying temperatures, around 65°C, are well below the “low” temperature of 100°C often targeted in cellulosic feedstock preparation. Forest Concepts is developing a model to better understand wood biomass drying, particularly in the context of conversion processes. Experimental data shows that the drying rate of Crumbles® precision particles is increased by nearly 100% when compared to equivalent traditional wood particles by taking advantage of biological properties. Checked surface properties of Crumbles® particles expedited diffusion rate of liquid to the wood surface thereby reducing total energy cost of drying. Expedited drying creates an opportunity for smaller dryers at reduced capital cost for equivalent throughput.

Near-Surface Sensing and Mapping for Site-Specific Operational Decisions in Precision Forestry

The present study explores precision forestry concepts and technologies in the context of forestry, forest management and silviculture. This paper looks primarily at the case of plantation forestry. Many of the concepts and details of precision forestry apply to short-rotation fiber farms, non-industrial forests and mixed-use public forests; however, sufficient differences exist to warrant separate consideration of how precision forestry applies to non-industrial plantation forestry. Through a process of interviews and experience, we have cataloged the kinds of observational data collected by professional foresters. Additionally, we have identified additional data that foresters would like to collect, but heretofore have not had the technical capability to measure. We have translated forester observation and human senses information into technical terms and then surveyed the state of the art in sensor technology to match advanced sensors with the data needed. A literature review was conducted to determine the extent of research and commercial use that may be applicable to precision forestry in the State of Washington.