James P. Malley

Impact of IX-UF Pretreatment on the Feasibility of UV/H2O2 Treatment for Degradation of NDMA and 1,4-Dioxane

PWN considers ion exchange and ultrafiltration (IX-UF) for replacing the existing CSF pretreatment at the Andijk water treatment plant. Advanced oxidation (UV/H2O2) in combination with granular activated carbon filtration (GAC) as a non selective barrier against organic micro pollutants is operational since 2004. Effects of an improved pretreatment on the UV/ H2O2 in terms of direct photolysis, OH-radical oxidation and energy consumption are presented in this paper. NDMA and 1,4-dioxane are selected to show the impact of pretreatment on UV photolysis and hydroxyl radical oxidation, respectively. Key water quality parameters are DOC and nitrate for scavenging and competition for UV light. Compared to CSF, the electrical energy per order (EEO) for IX-UF treated water was reduced with about 50%.

Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts

Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost (

Sequential Disinfection of adenovirus type 2 with UV-Chlorine-Chloramine

0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario.