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Featured researches published by James T. Triffitt.


Journal of Cellular Biochemistry | 1999

Human bone marrow osteoprogenitors express estrogen receptor-alpha and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 mRNA during osteoblastic differentiation

Richard O.C. Oreffo; Vesna Kusec; Silke Romberg; James T. Triffitt

Understanding the mechanisms that control the proliferation and commitment of human stem cells into cells of the osteogenic lineage for the preservation of skeletal structure is of basic importance in bone physiology. This study examines some aspects of the differentiation in vitro of human bone marrow fibroblastic cells cultured in the absence (basal media) or presence of 1nM dexamethasone and 50 μg/ml ascorbate for 6, 10, 14, and 21 days. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridisation with digoxygenin‐labelled riboprobes for Type I collagen, osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP‐2), and 4 (BMP‐4) and the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), together with immunocytochemical analysis of ERα expression and histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase was performed. In basal media, alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen expressions were detected at day 6, ERα from day 10 and osteocalcin from day 10. In the presence of dexamethasone and ascorbate, cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase were markedly stimulated over 10 to 14 days with a dramatic increase in the temporal expression of Type I collagen, ERα, and osteocalcin mRNAs in these cultures. Northern blot analysis showed cells cultured in basal media, expressed the highest levels of the mRNA for each marker protein at day 14, whereas in the presence of ascorbate and dexamethasone, the highest levels for alkaline phosphatase, ERα, osteocalcin, BMP‐2, and BMP‐4 were observed at day 21. ERα, BMP‐2, and BMP‐4 expression were found to correlate temporally with induction of the osteoblast phenotype as determined by alkaline phosphatase, collagen, and osteocalcin expression. These results give additional information on the development of the osteoblast phenotype from early fibroblastic stem cells and on the biological factors involved in this process. These studies suggest a role for estrogen and BMP‐2 and ‐4 in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 75:382–392, 1999.


Calcified Tissue International | 1968

A comparative study of the exchange in vivo of major constituents of bone mineral.

James T. Triffitt; A. R. Terepka; William F. Neuman

Groups of young and old rats were injected with a variety of labelled substanzes (urea, Cl−, K+, Na+, HCO3−, PO43−, Ca++). Data for Mg++ were taken from the literature. One and a half hours later, compact shafts of long bones were removed and cleaned scrupulously, and analyses were performed for both “cold” and isotopic concentrations of substances. This time point was chosen to insure equilibration of the aqueous phase of bone while minimizing contributions from surface exchange, recrystallization, solid diffusion, growth or resorption.With fixed variables of time, species, bone specimen, and methodology, uambiguous comparisons of the exchange in bone could be made between the many substances studied. The exchange data could be divided into three categories: a) complete exchange (urea Cl−, and K+); b) partial exchange, decreasing variably with age (Na+, CO2, and Mg++); and c) minimal exchange (Ca++ and PO43−). Clearly the traditional classification of “available” and “unavailable” skeleton is ambiguous and determined by the conditions and the ion or substance chosen for study. Clearly also, a new overall concept of bone exchangein vivo is badly needed.Calculations of the apparent concentration of the various electrolytes in bone water reveal that the aqueous phase of bone has a composition markedly different from plasma water. In particular, the concentration of potassium in bone water was found to be remarkably high.RésuméDes produits marqués variés (urée, Cl−, K+, Na+, HCO3−, PO13−, Ca++) sont administrés à des groupes de rats jeunes et âgés. Les résultats pour Mg++ sont empruntés à ceux trouvés dans la littérature. Une heure et demic plus tard, des fragments d os longs sont prélevés et nettoyés minutieusement. La concentration de ces substances marquées et non marquées est déterminée. Lintervalle de temps choisi est utilisé afin de permettre léquilibre de la phase aqueuse de los, tout en réduisant les échanges de surface, la recristallisation, la diffusion solide et la croissance ou la résorption.Avec des intervalles de temps fixes, avec les mêmes espèces ainsi que des specimens osseux et des techniques identiques, une comparaison des échanges entre les divers es substances dans los a pu être effectuée. Les résultats ont pu être répartis en trois groupes: a) échange total (urée, Cl− et K+); b) échange partiel, diminuant de façon variable avec lâge (Na+, CO2 et Mg++); et c) échange faible (Ca++ et PO43−). La classification classique de sequelette «accessible» et «non accessible» parait peu conforme et dépend des conditions et de la nature de la substance étudiée. Un concept général des échanges osseuxin vivo devrait être élaboré.Des calculs concernant la concentration apparente des divers electrolytes au niveau de la phase aqueuse de los montrent quelle a une concentration nettement différente de celle du plasma. La concentration du potassium y est, en particulier, remarquablement élevée.ZusammenfassungGruppen von jungen und alten Ratten erhielten Injektionen von verschiedenen markierten Substanzen (Harnstoff, Cl−, K+, Na+, HCO3−, PO43−, Ca++). Die Angaben für Mg++ wurden der Literatur entnommen. 11/2 Std später wurden die Diaphysen der behandelten Tiere gewonnen, sorgfältig gereinigt und deren Gehalt an kalten und radioaktiven Substanzen bestimmt. Dieser Zeitpunkt wurde gewählt, um ein Gleichgewicht innerhalb der wäßrigen Phase des Knochens sicherzustellen und ein gleichzeitiges Mitwirken des Oberflächenaustausches, der Rekristallisation, der festen Diffusion, des Wachstums oder der Resorption möglichst einzuschränken.Wurden Variablen wie Zeit, Rattenart, Knochenproben und Methodik festgelegt, so konnten eindeutige Vergleiche hinsichtlich des Austausches dieser verschiedenen Substanzen im Knochen gezogen werden. Die erhaltenen Resultate konnten in drei Kategorien eingeteilt werden: a) vollständiger Austausch (Harnstoff, Cl−, K+); b) teilweiser Austausch, je nach Alter unterschiedlich abnehmend (Na+, CO2 und Mg++); c) minimaler Austausch (Ca++ und PO43−). Offenbar ist die klassische Einteilung in “verfügbares” und “nichtverfügbares” Skelet zweideutig und abhängig von den Bedingungen sowie von den Ionen oder Substanzen, die für den Versuch gewählt wurden. Es liegt auf der Hand, daß ein neues, allgemeingültiges Konzept für den Knochenaustauschin vivo dringend benötigt wird.Berechnungen der scheinbaren Konzentration der verschiedenen Elektrolyte in der Knochenflüssigkeit ergaben, daß die wäßrige Phase des Knochens eine deutlich andere Zusammensetzung als die Plasmaflüssigkeit hat. Insbesondere konnte in der Knochenflüssigkeit eine bemerkenswert hohe Kaliumkonzentration festgestellt werden.


Calcified Tissue International | 1978

Plasma disappearance of rabbit alpha2HS-glycoprotein and its uptake by bone tissue.

James T. Triffitt; Maureen E. Owen; B. A. Ashton; J. M. Wilson

SummaryPlasmaα2HS-glycoprotein is specifically accumulated in calcified tissues. In the present studies this glycoprotein was isolated from plasma and after iodination with iodine-125 was injected intravenously into young rabbits. The tissue distribution and plasma disappearance rate of this radioactively labeled material were determined. Of the various tissues studied, bone showed the greatest retention of labeled glycoprotein expressed as percentage of the injected dose per gram tissue relative to the plasma content.The rate of loss of iodinatedα2HS-glycoprotein from plasma was similar to that ofα2HS-glycoprotein labeled endogenously by using14C-glucosamine or3H-glucosamine. The uptake of exogenously labeled3I-α2HS-glycoprotein into bone tissue expressed as a percentage of the injected dose was similar to that of endogenously labeled14C-α2HS-glycoprotein. These results suggest that the125I-labeled material can be used to study further the metabolism ofα2HS-glycoprotein by bone tissue.


Calcified Tissue International | 1977

Preliminary studies on the binding of plasma albumin to bone tissue.

James T. Triffitt; Maureen E. Owen

SummaryThe extractability of125I-labelled plasma albumin from bone pieces and from powdered bone has been compared after both in vivo and in vitro incorporation. The results show that albumin is more readily extracted from bone pieces than from bone powder which implies that tissue disruption exposes additional protein adsorption sites. It is suggested that incorporation of plasma albumin into calcified matrix during bone formation occurs mainly as a result of its strong interaction with bone mineral.


Calcified Tissue International | 1968

The cycling concept of exchange in bone.

William F. Neuman; A. R. Terepka; F. Canas; James T. Triffitt

An hypothesis has been developed to explain in a semi-quantitative fashion the wide variations in time required for the equilibration in the skeleton of various radioactive substances when they are introduced into the circulation. The basis for the hypothesis rests on the assumption that three variables define the rate-limiting step in bone exchange: a) the rate of perfusion of bone, b) the concentration of the ion plasma, and c) the concentration of the ion in bone. Using this idea and data from the literature, “cycling times” were calculated for Cl−, Na+, K+, and Ca++. They were found to vary by four orders of magnitude (from 10 min for Cl− to 64 days for Ca++ in the rat).These predictions were tested for22Na- and45Ca-exchange in a column of apatite mineralin vitro. In vivo36Cl- and42K-exchange in rat femur was studied. The blood disappearance of22Na in man was also examined. Finally, data in the literture of45Ca-exchange in the rat molar was redrawn. In every case, experimental results closely approximated the predictions of the cycling concept.Some of the implications of these findings are briefly discussed.RésuméUne hypothèse, destinée à rendre compte de façon semi-quantitative, des grandes variations de temps nécessaire à équilibrer, au niveau du squelette, divers produits radioactifs, introduits dans le torrent circulatoire, est mise au point. Cette hypothèse est basée sur le fait que 3 facteurs interviennent dans les échanges osseux: a) la vitesse de perfusion de los, b) la concentration ionique du plasma, et c) la concentration ionique de los. Partant de cette hypothèse et de résultats publiés dans la littérature, “des temps de cyclage” sont calculés par Cl−, Na+, K+ et Ca++. Ils varient selon quatre ordres de grandeur (de 10 min pour Cl− à 64 jours Ca++, chez le rat).Ces résultats ont été vérifiés pour des échanges de22Na et de45Ca dans une colonne dapatite minéralin vitro. Des échanges de36Cl et de42K ont été étudiésin vivo au niveau du fémur de rat. La disparition sanguine du22Na a été suivie chez lHomme. Enfin des résultats déchanges de45Ca, au niveau de molaires de rat, publiés dans la littérature, ont été recalculés. Dans chaque cas, les résultats expérimentaux ont confirmé les prédictions de lhypothèse du cyclage.ZusammenfassungEs wurde eine Hypothese aufgestellt, um auf semi-quantitative Weise die breite Variabilität der Zeit zu erklären, die benötigt wird, um im Skelett ein Gleichgewicht von verschiedenen radioaktiven in den Kreislauf eingeführten Substanzen herzustellen.Diese Hypothese beruht auf der Annahme, daß der geschwindigkeitsbeschränkende Faktor beim Knochenaustausch durch 3 Variablen definiert ist: a) das Maß der Knochenperfusion, b) die Konzentration der Ionen im Plasma und c) die Konzentration der Ionen im Knochen. Auf Grund dieser Annahme und gestützt auf Angaben aus der Literatur wurden die “cycling times” für Cl−, Na+, K+ und Ca++ berechnet. Diese variieren in 4 Größenordnungen, beispielsweise von 10 min für Cl− bis zu 64 Tagen für Ca++ bei der Ratte.Diese Annahmen wurden für den Austauschin vitro von22Na und45Ca in Apatitmineral in einer Säule geprüft. Der Austausch von36Cl und von42K wurdein vivo am Rattenfemur studiert. Die Abnahme von22Na im menschlichen Blut wurde ebenfalls verfolgt. Schließlich wurden Literaturangaben über den Austausch von45Ca in Rattenbackenzähnen überprüft. Die Versuchsresultate kamen dabei sehr nahe an die auf Grund des “cycling concept” erwarteten.Einige der Zusammenhänge dieser Befunde werden kurz besprochen.


Nature | 1968

Binding of calcium and strontium by alginates.

James T. Triffitt

SODIUM alginates markedly inhibit the intestinal absorption of strontium in rats1–4 and man5,6 without an appreciable effect on calcium absorption so that they are of interest as possible therapeutic agents in cases of ingestion of strontium-90. Alginic acid is obtained from certain seaweeds and is a polymer of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid7 joined by 1,4 linkages8. It has been shown that guluronic-rich fractions of alginate are the most effective in reducing strontium absorption in rats in vivo and in vitro4,9.


Nature | 1976

Origin of plasma alpha2HS-glycoprotein and its accumulation in bone.

James T. Triffitt; U. Gebauer; Brian A. Ashton; Maureen E. Owen; J. J. Reynolds


Journal of Membrane Science | 2006

Modelling nutrient transport in hollow fibre membrane bioreactors for growing three-dimensional bone tissue

Hua Ye; Diganta Bhusan Das; James T. Triffitt; Zhanfeng Cui


FEBS Journal | 1974

Isolation and Partial Characterization of a Glycoprotein from Bovine Cortical Bone

Brian A. Ashton; James T. Triffitt; Geoffrey M. Herring


Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A | 2004

Macrophagic response to human mesenchymal stem cell and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) implantation in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice.

Zhidao Xia; Hua Ye; Cleo Choong; David J. P. Ferguson; Nick Platt; Zhanfeng Cui; James T. Triffitt

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Hua Ye

University of Oxford

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Maureen E. Owen

Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre

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L. Wang

University of Birmingham

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