James Thomas Keating

Understanding Membrane Operating Conditions

Operating conditions for membrane chloralkali electrolysis have been determined by experiment and experience in the more than ten years that membranes have been widely used by the industry. In that time our understanding of how membranes operate has advanced. We now can present a clear picture of why the operating conditions are what they are and describe the consequences of operation outside the recommended range.

Brine, Impurities, and Membrane Chlor-Alkali Cell Performance

For over 10 years Nafion* research has studied the effects of impurities on the performance of membrane chlor-alkali cells. The aim of this chapter is to summarize what we have learned about impurities: what impurities affect membranes, how impurities degrade performance, and approaches to dealing with impurities.