Jan Gudej

Determination of Flavonoids, Tannins and Ellagic Acid in Leaves from Rubus L. Species

This paper describes the quantitative determination of flavonoids, tannins and ellagic acid in the leaves from wild and cultivated variations ofRubus L. species (Rosaceae): raspberry (2 wild and 13 cultivars) and blackberry (3 wild and 3 cultivars). The content of flavonoids was analyzed using spectrophotometric (the Christ-Müllers method) and HPLC analysis after acid hydrolysis. The content of tannins was determined by the weight method, with hide powder, described by German Pharmacopoeia 10 (DAB 10). Ellagic acid content was examined using the HPLC method after acid hydrolysis. Flavonoid content, determined using the Christ-Muller’s method was higher for the blackberry leaves than for the raspberry leaves and varied between 0.46% and 1.05%. Quercetin and kaempferol were predominant in all samples analyzed using the HPLC method. The highest flavonoid content was found in the leaves ofR. nessensis (1.06%); with results in all of the examined samples varying between 0.27% and 1.06%. The concentration of ellagic acid in all species was determined after acid hydrolysis and ranged from 2.06% to 6.89%. The leaves of raspberries are characterized by greater amounts of tannins (varying between 2.62% and 6.87%) than the leaves of other species. The results from this study indicate that the analyzed species are a rich source of flavonoids, ellagic acid and tannins, which may be used for the quality assessment ofRubus L. species leaves.

Flavonoids from Ficaria verna Huds.

A phytochemical investigation of the flowers and leaves of Ficaria verna Huds. (Ranunculaceae) yielded four additional known flavonoid compounds including: kaempferol 3-O-β-ᴅ- (6ʺ-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside (nicotiflorin), apigenin 8-C-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (vitexin), luteolin 8-C-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (orientin) and apigenin 8-C-β-ᴅ-(2ʺ-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl)- glucopyranoside (flavosativaside). The characterisation of these compounds was achieved by various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods (UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS).

Essential Oils of Bidens tripartita L.

Abstract Essential oils were obtained from fresh aerial parts and air dried flower heads of Bidens tripartita L. (As-teraceae). Volatile constituents of the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS methods. The 77 components were identified representing 98.5% and 80.9% of the total components detected, respectively. The major constituents of the oil of flower heads were p-cymene (16.6%), β-caryophyllene oxide (6.0%) and humulene epoxide II (5.3%). The main constituents of the oil of fresh herb were allo-ocimene (38.3%), (Z)- β-ocimene (30.6%) and α-phellandrene (8.5%).

Investigation of the essential oil of Erigeron acris L. Herb

Abstract The essential oil from Erigeron acris L. obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC and GC/MS techniques. Over 60 compounds were identified, representing 92.6% of the total components. The major constituents of the oil were monoterpenoid hydrocarbons [limonene, β-pinene, (E)-β-ocimene] and sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons [α-muurolen, germacrene D, (E)-β-farnesene].

Quantitative Analysis of Flavonoids in the Flowers and Leaves of Ficaria verna Huds.

Abstract The quantitative determination of flavonoid compounds in flowers and leaves of Ficaria verna Huds. (Ranunculaceae) was carried out in different growing seasons of the plant, using Christ-Müller’s method (Polish Pharmacopoeia, 1999) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis after acid hydrolysis. The flavonoid content was much higher in flowers than in leaves.