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Dive into the research topics where Jan Klimeš is active.

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Featured researches published by Jan Klimeš.


Archive | 2014

Glacier Retreat, Lakes Development and Associated Natural Hazards in Cordilera Blanca, Peru

Adam Emmer; Vít Vilímek; Jan Klimeš; Alejo Cochachin

Cordillera Blanca is the heaviest glacierized tropical range in the world. Due to the global climate change, most of glaciers are retreating and thinning. Glacier retreat leads to the formation and development of all types of potentially hazardous glacial lakes (bedrock-dammed, moraine-dammed, and ice-dammed). Potential hazardousness of glacial lakes is strongly interconnected with dynamic slope movements: (1) sudden release of water from glacial lakes (also known as glacial lake outburst floods—GLOF) is mainly caused by dynamic slope movement into the lake (about 80 % in the Cordillera Blanca); (2) released water may easily transform into debris-flow or mud-flow, thanks to its high erosion and transport potential. Based on field study and remotely sensed images, this contribution documents glacier retreat in the Cordillera Blanca with regards to formation and development of new potentially hazardous glacial lakes, which evolve mainly in elevations of about 4,600–5,000 m a.s.l. We introduce and describe three hazardous events associated with glacier retreat in the last decade: (a) sudden release of water from moraine-dammed Lake Palcacocha in 2003; (b) sudden release of water from bedrock-dammed lake No. 513 in 2010; and (c) sudden release of water from bedrock-dammed Lake Artizon Alto and subsequent moraine dam failure of downstream situated Lake Artizon Bajo in 2012. The first and third events were caused by landslides of lateral moraines (which are often non-consolidated and nearly vertical) into the lakes. The second event was caused by ice- and rockfall into the lake. These events illustrate that various natural hazards (dynamic slope movements, floods) associated with glacier retreat in the Cordillera Blanca are closely linked and represent actual threats to urbanization and safety of lives and property.


Landslides | 2016

Limits and challenges to compiling and developing a database of glacial lake outburst floods

Adam Emmer; Vít Vilímek; Christian Huggel; Jan Klimeš; Yvonne Schaub

A unified database of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been created for analysis and future natural hazard evaluations. The data from individual case studies fill the database at a primary level, while the regional and global scales are more suitable for evaluating the information. There is enhanced research activity in this topic worldwide due to ongoing environmental changes, and this is apparent in the database. Database compilation is linked to the International Programme on Landslides (IPL) because different types of slope movements are the most common triggering factors for glacial lake outburst floods, and the outburst floods, on the other hand, often initiate different types of slope movements.


Landslides | 2016

Landslides in moraines as triggers of glacial lake outburst floods: example from Palcacocha Lake (Cordillera Blanca, Peru)

Jan Klimeš; J. Novotný; I. Novotná; B. Jordán de Urries; Vít Vilímek; Adam Emmer; Tazio Strozzi; Michal Kusák; A. Cochachin Rapre; Filip Hartvich; Holger Frey

Studies focusing on moraine deposits which slide into glacial lakes are scarce, even though they can trigger impact waves responsible for generating glacial lake outburst floods. We focused on landslides in lateral moraines as possible triggers. Detailed geomorphological, geophysical, and satellite radar interferometric investigations of the Palcacocha Lake moraine (Cordillera Blanca, Peru) together with laboratory tests on samples from the site provided data for slope stability calculations using GeoSlope software and hydrodynamic impact wave modeling using the Iber code. We identified landslides that could affect Palcacocha Lake and calculated their stability (factor of safety) under specified conditions, including variable water saturation and earthquake effects. Calculations showed that the moraine slopes are close to the threshold value (Fs = 1) for stability and are especially sensitive to water saturation. The height of impact waves triggered by a landslide in 2003 and the potential wave heights from newly identified, possibly active landslides were calculated, based on landslide volume estimates, detailed lake bathymetry, and basin topography. Results show that potential future landslide-triggered waves could have similar properties to the 2003 impact wave. Evidence gathered in this study suggests that glacial lake outburst floods triggered by landslides from moraines, however, would be probably smaller than floods resulting from other types of slope processes (e.g., ice/rock avalanches) if dam breach is not taken into account. This assumption has to be critically evaluated against site-specific conditions at a given lake and any possible environmental factors, such as climate change or earthquake that may mobilize larger volumes of moraine material.


Natural Hazards | 2012

Landslide risk analysis and its application in regional planning: an example from the highlands of the Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic

Jan Klimeš; Jan Blahůt

Using detailed field mapping, an analysis of landslide risk has been undertaken in the flysch highlands of the Outer Western Carpathians. The standardized Czech methodology of expert derived susceptibility zonation widely used for land development planning purposes and deterministic modeling of shallow landslides was used to separately assess the susceptibility of different landslide types. The two susceptibility zonation maps were used to define landslide hazard using information about landslide reactivation and the return periods of precipitation that triggered the respective landslide types. A risk matrix was then used to qualitatively analyze the landslide risk to selected assets. The monetary value of these assets, according to actual market prices, was calculated and analyzed with respect to the risk classification. Since the study area is an important residential and recreational area, the practical application of the derived results was checked through a series of interviews conducted with personnel of the local government planning and construction office. This demonstrated a willingness to apply the landslide hazard maps as well as restraints of its successful application. The main one is the absence of legally binding regulations to enforce the spatial planers to use this information.


Journal of Mountain Science | 2014

Grain size distribution of soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru: An indicator of basic mechanical properties for slope stability evaluation

Jan Novotný; Jan Klimeš

This paper presents results of a study on the mechanical properties of sandy and gravely soils within the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The soils were divided into groups according to their origin (glacial, fluvial, or debris flow). The grain size distribution of forty three soil samples was used to classify the soils according to the scheme of the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). These distributions have then been used to estimate shear strength and hydraulic properties of the soils. There are clear differences between the soils which reflect their divergent origins. The glacial soils normally fit within one of two distinctive groups according to the proportion of fines (Group A, 7%–21.5%; Group B, 21%–65%). The estimation of shear strength at constant volume friction angle and peak shear strength of the glacial sediments with low content of fines was made using published data relating to the measured shear strength characteristics of soils with similar origins and grain size distributions. The estimated values were supported by measurements of the angle of repose taken from fourteen samples from two moraines and by shear tests on samples from one locality. The results of the grain size distribution were also used to estimate the average hydraulic conductivity using the empirical Hazen formula which results were verified by field infiltration tests at two localities.


Archive | 2005

Geomorphological Investigations at Machu Picchu, Peru (C101-1)

Vít Vilímek; Jiří Zvelebil; Jan Klimeš; Jan Vlcko; Fernándo V. Astete

The landslide hazards analysis was the principal motivation to start geomorphological investigations in the area of Machu Picchu Sanctuary. But very soon, the need of a broader research was revealed, because the landscape evolution of the Urubamba River meander, where the archaeological site is located, is rather complex. Besides slope movements, also deepwards erosion, and selective mass wasting by weathering, suffusion etc. has been active there. Majority of them have been following predisposition by tectonical structure. Large-scale slope deformations have seriously affected mountain morphology in the area. The actual activity of those deformations is not well known yet, inspite that systematic monitoring has provided information as about irreversible movements on open cracks of rock outcrops within the archaeological site up to 1 mmyr-1 (lengths of time series is mostly 3 years), as about movement across the Main Plaza up to 6 mmyr-1. There still are other possibilities to explain those movements by ground deformation due to underground erosion along tectonically shattered zones, or by settlements of heavy stone buildings on water more saturated grounds.


Landslides | 2017

Challenges for landslide hazard and risk management in ‘low-risk’ regions, Czech Republic—landslide occurrences and related costs (IPL project no. 197)

Jan Klimeš; J. Stemberk; J. Blahut; V. Krejčí; O. Krejčí; Filip Hartvich; P. Kycl

The presented work was performed within the scope of the IPL project no. 197, entitled ‘Low frequency, highly damaging potential landslide events in ‘low-risk’ regions – challenges for hazard and risk management’. The Czech Republic is an example of a landslide ‘low-risk’ country with all the related challenges for long-term and sustainable landslide risk management. We argue that the main challenge is to raise and maintain a corresponding level of public attention to landslide hazards and risks. Since hazard and risk recognition by the potentially affected people is the main precondition of any effective risk mitigation, we performed several tasks to provide as yet unavailable information about specific aspects of the occurrence of landslides in the Czech Republic which may attract the attention of the public, including the responsible authorities, to the landslide risk. These aspects include new ways of updating a landslide inventory and compilation of a database of the cost of landslide mitigation works paid by the government. Landslide inventories derived from web sources, the unified system of traffic information of the national road authority and information collected by the Czech Geological Survey were compared. The landslide inventory compiled by the Czech Geological Survey is the most complete, but in some cases, the other two inventories could be used to complete it with landslide events not yet registered. Landslide-related expenses of the state budget are not negligible and their uneven spatial distribution cannot be explained by landslide occurrences only, which calls for in-depth risk assessment.


Geoenvironmental Disasters | 2016

Reassessment of the development and hazard of the Rampac Grande landslide, Cordillera Negra, Peru

Vít Vilímek; Jan Klimeš; Marco Torres Zapata

BackgroundThe initial investigation analysed the complex Rampac Grande slope deformation from April 2009 (Landslides 8(3):309-320, 2011). The primary research in 2009 also identified an unrealistic explanation (raw mineral exploration) of the triggering of the landslide and the intention of the local authorities (from the administration centre of Carhuaz) to take measures to minimize the possible future risk to the local population. We also examined the adaptation measures introduced by the local authorities to reduce the risk for the local community.FindingsUnstable landslide material has been left after the 2009 event in the sources and transportation zone and several blocks were described as being only in a temporarily stable state. Landslide propagation could also follow the already existing lateral tension cracks identified in 2009. Areas of reactivation from 2012 were localized and triggering precipitation was evaluated.ConclusionThis study concluded that there is still a hazard of remobilization of specific parts of the landslide in Rampac Grande with potentially damaging effects on the buildings located close to the accumulation area.


Journal of Maps | 2015

Glacier-related landforms and glacial lakes in Huascarán National Park, Peru

Vít Vilímek; Jan Klimeš; Lucie Červená

The map of lakes and selected glacier-related landforms in Huascarán National Park was created describing their spatial distribution and selected properties related to their development. This work presents additional information on previous lake inventories that was not available prior to its completion despite the fact that some of the newly collected information is important for glacial lake flood hazard assessment. The ongoing environmental changes documented in the national park are affecting the number, size, spatial distribution and development of the glacial lakes. Many of the lakes are also filled with sediment, as well as subject to outburst floods. The lake typology is based on the character of their dam, whilst moraine ridge types are defined with specific geomorphological features that affect their stability. Over 1250 moraine ridges (longer than 200 m) were mapped and classified along with 2370 lakes each with a specific dam type. This represents the most detailed inventory which can be used for future statistical analysis or hazard assessment.


Archive | 2007

Debris Flows in the Vicinity of the Machu Picchu Village, Peru

Jan Klimeš; Vít Vilímek; Ján Vláko

The work summarizes information about spatial and temporal occurrence and damage caused by debris flows within last 50 years in the vicinity of the Machu Picchu village. Size and dynamic characteristics of limited number of events reveal, that two main classes of debris flows occurred in the study area. These classes are distinguished by specific triggering conditions, amount of delivered material to the main river valley (Urubamba River), duration time and speed. Incomplete weather information and debris flows allowed only preliminary comparison of relationship between rainfalls and debris flow occurrence. The results suggest coupling between 6-days preceding precipitation index and debris flow occurrence. Several low cost mitigation measures and risk management practices were suggested to reduce risk of the economically important area of the Machu Picchu village.

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Vít Vilímek

Charles University in Prague

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Adam Emmer

Charles University in Prague

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Filip Hartvich

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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J. Blahut

National Research Council

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Jan Blahůt

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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Josef Stemberk

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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Matt D. Rowberry

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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Jiří Zvelebil

Charles University in Prague

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