Jan Kuryszko

Effect of sweet chestnut tannin (SCT) on the performance, microbial status of intestine and histological characteristics of intestine wall in chickens.

1. In experiments carried out with 950 one-day-old male chickens, the effect of tannin supplementation (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on performance, microbial status of chickens small intestine and colon of 28- and 41-d-old chickens, as well as histological changes of jejunum walls at 41 d and carcase quality were determined. 2. Application of 250 or 500 mg of sweet chestnut tannin per kg of feed had an insignificant effect on body weight and feed conversion of 41-d-old chickens (3⋅0 and 2⋅6%) in comparison to control birds. The highest tannin supplement (1000 mg/kg) reduced final body weight. 3. No effects of tannin supplementation on feed conversion and carcase quality were found. 4. Addition of tannin increased dry matter content of the litter by 8⋅8 (Group II) and 7⋅7% (Group III) when compared to control. 5. Higher doses of tannins significantly reduced the number of E. coli and coliform bacteria in small intestine of 28-d-old chickens; in other microorganisms great variability of microbial populations in small intestine and colon were observed. 6. The histologies of jejunal walls in chickens of control, II (250 mg/kg) and III (500 mg/kg) groups were similar. The structure was characteristic of correctly developed and functioning tissues and the villi were formed correctly. Tannin applied at the highest dose (1000 mg) slowed down the proliferation rate in the mother-cell zone. Single cells and enterocyte complexes showed the features characteristic of degradation processes. These unfavourable symptoms indicated some disturbances in intestinal wall morphology and function.

Chemical composition and biological value of spray dried porcine blood by-products and bone protein hydrolysate for young chickens

1. The chemical composition of spray dried porcine blood by-products is characterised by wide variation in crude protein contents. In spray dried porcine blood plasma (SDBP) it varied between 670–780 g/kg, in spray dried blood cells (SDBC) between 830–930 g/kg, and in bone protein hydrolysate (BPH) in a range of 740–780 g/kg. Compared with fish meal, these feeds are poor in Met and Lys. Moreover, in BPH deep deficits of Met, Cys, Thr and other amino acids were found. 2. The experiment comprised 7 dietary treatments: SDBP, SDBC, and BPH, each at an inclusion rate of 20 or 40 g/kg diet, plus a control. The addition of 20 or 40 g/kg of the analysed meals into feeds for very young chickens (1–28 d post hatch) significantly decreased the body weight (BW) of birds. Only the treatments with 40 g/kg of SDBP and SDBC showed no significant difference in BW as compared with the control. There were no significant differences between treatments and type of meal for feed intake, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations in blood. 3. Addition of bone protein and blood cell meals to feed decreased the IgG concentration in blood and caused shortening of the femur and tibia bones. However, changes in the mineral composition of bones were not significantly affected by the type of meal used. 4. The blood by-products, which are rich in microelements, improved retention of Ca and Cu only. In comparison to control chickens, significantly better accretion of these minerals was found in treatments containing 20 g/kg of SDBP or 40 g/kg of SDBC. 5. Great variability in apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in chickens was determined. In this respect, some significant differences related to the type of meal fed were confirmed for Asp, Pro, Val, Tyr and His. In general, the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids was about 2–3 percentage units better in chickens fed on diets containing the animal by products than in control birds.

Use of spray-dried porcine blood by-products in diets for young chickens.

Spray-dried porcine blood plasma (SDBP) or blood cells (SDBC) at amounts of 20 or 40 g/kg were included to the feed mixtures that were given to young chickens within 1-28 (Exp. 1) or 1-30 (Exp. 2) days post-hatch. In comparison with the group fed mixtures containing plant components, chickens fed mixtures supplemented with 40 g/kg of SDBP significantly (p < 0.01) increased the body weight estimated on 14 day of life (Exp. 1). At the age of 28 or 30 days post-hatch, the body weight was improved significantly (p < 0.01 or 0.05) in both experiments. Significant differences (one-factorial anova) in feed conversion among particular feeding groups were stated in Exp. 1 only; however, calculations using two-factorial anova show insignificant differences depending on the used animal meal. In selected blood parameters (IgG, Ht, Hb), insignificant differences between feeding groups were stated. The use of SDBP in feed mixture significantly increased the Na retention in both experiments, and K accretion in Exp. 1 only. Application of SDBC and 40 g/kg of SDBP significantly or insignificantly improved Fe retention. Insignificant diversification of apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients was stated; the crude fat was significantly better digested in treatments fed mixtures with animal meals but kind of animal meal was without any significant effect. Significant differences in digestibility of amino acids were recorded for Pro, Cys, Val, His, Lys and Arg. In chickens fed mixture with SDBC, higher coefficients of apparent digestibility of Cys, Val and His (Exp. 1) and Cys and His (Exp. 2) than in other feeding groups were obtained. The kind of used blood by-products has not affected the histological structure of intestine wall.

The Rabbit Brachial Plexus as a Model for Nerve Repair Surgery—Histomorphometric Analysis

One of the most devastating injuries to the upper limb is trauma caused by the avulsion. The anatomical structure of the rabbits brachial plexus is similar to the human brachial plexus. The aim of our study was to analyze the microanatomy and provide a detailed investigation of the rabbits brachial plexus. The purpose of our research project was to evaluate the possibility of utilizing rabbits plexus as a research model in studying brachial plexus injury. Studies included histomorphometric analysis of sampled ventral branches of spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8, and Th1, the cranial trunk, the medial part of the caudal trunk, the lateral part of the caudal trunk and peripheral nerve. Horizontal and vertical analysis was done considering following features: the axon diameter, fiber diameter and myelin sheath. The number of axons, nerve area, myelin fiber density and minimal diameter of myelin fiber, minimal axon diameter and myelin area was marked for each element. The changes between ventral branches of spinal nerves C5–Th1, trunks and peripheral nerve in which the myelin sheath, axon diameter and fiber diameter was assessed were statistically significant. It was found that the g‐ratio has close value in the brachial plexus as in the peripheral nerve. The peak of these parameters was found in nerve trunks, and then decreased coherently with the nerves travelling peripherally. Anat Rec, 298:444–454, 2015.

Homologous Lactoferrin Triggers Mobilization of the Myelocytic Lineage of Bone Marrow in Experimental Mice

The effects of lactoferrin (LF), an iron binding protein, on myelopoiesis have been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo in human and murine models over the past three decades. Due to the lack of high-quality homologous LFs, however, the conclusions are still unequivocal. Recently, both human and murine LFs have become available as recombinant products expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines showing mammalian type of glycosylation, thus apparently species compatible. In this study, we present the effects of homologous recombinant mouse LF (rmLF) on myelopoiesis in CBA mice. The myelocytic lineage has been assessed by their appearance in circulating blood and bone marrow, and induction of relevant mediators of inflammation. Intravenous injection of rmLF (100 μg/mouse) resulted in a significantly increased number of myelocytic cells in the circulating blood after 24 h. Mouse serum transferrin, used as a control protein, showed no stimulatory effect. The increase in output of neutrophil precursors, neutrophils, and eosinophils was correlated with a twofold increase of leukocyte concentrations. The analysis of the bone marrow sections confirmed increased myelopoiesis. The alterations in the bone marrow cell composition were statistically significant regarding mature neutrophils (10.8% vs. 27.7%), metamyelocytes (11.4% vs. 16.0%), and myelocytes (2.4% vs. 4.0%). The mobilization of the myelocytic cells in the bone marrow and the increased output of these cells into circulation were accompanied by elevated serum concentrations of interleukin-6 at 6 h and haptoglobin at 24 h following administration of rmLF. In conclusion, the homologous LF elicits significant and transient myelopoiesis in experimental mice.

N-Arylaminomethylenebisphosphonates Bearing Fluorine Atoms: Synthesis and Antiosteoporotic Activity

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Abstract A series of N-phenyl and N-pyridyl-aminomethylenebisphosphonates substituted in their aromatic rings with fluorine atoms or trifluoromethyl groups have been synthesized by a three component approach. They were screened for potential antiosteoporetic activity using mouse macrophage-like J774E cells. Most of the compounds appeared to be moderate inhibitors of macrophage cells proliferation compared to known the antiosteoporetic drug, Incandronate. Their potency was compared with their structural analogues, hydroxymethylene-bisphosphonate 2 and ethylidenebisphosphonates 3, which appeared to be equipotent. Although the aminomethylenebisphosphonates 1 show low stability in aqueous solutions, the most stable, i.e., N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid, was chosen for in vivo testing on sheep with induced osteoporosis. This compound had marginal influence on the bone structure recovery.

Topically applied azaphenothiazines inhibit experimental psoriasis in mice

ABSTRACT The therapeutic efficacy of topically applied azaphenothiazine derivatives: 9‐chloro‐6‐acetylaminobutylquinobenzo[3,2‐b][1,4]thiazine (compound 4) and 6‐chloroethylureidoethyldiquino[3,2‐b;2′;3′‐e][1,4]thiazine (compound 5) in the amelioration of inflammatory symptoms of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis in mice was investigated. Clobederm®, containing clobetasol propioniate, served as a reference drug. The application of the compounds led to thinning of the epidermis and reduction of the cell layers. The suppressive actions of the compounds were even stronger with regard to pathological changes of the dermis. The compounds also exerted generalized, anti‐inflammatory effects by decreasing the number of circulating leukocytes, lowering subiliac lymph node weight and partially normalizing an altered blood cell composition. The changes in the composition of main cell types in the epidermis and dermis were less affected by the compounds. In addition, both compounds inhibited to a similar degree production of tumor necrosis factor &agr; (TNF &agr;) in human whole blood cell culture. Whereas compound 5 strongly inhibited IL‐8 and CXCL10 chemokines in human keratinocytes – KERTr cell line, transfected with poly(I:C), the suppressive action of compound 4 in this model was weak. In addition, compound 5, but not compound 4, exhibited at low doses proapoptotic properties with regard to colonic cell lines. In summary, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of two selected azaphenotiazines in the amelioration of the skin pathology elicited in a mouse experimental model of psoriasis. HIGHLIGHTSTopical azaphenothiazines inhibit pathological skin changes in psoriatic mice.Azaphenothiazines suppress generalized cellular changes in lymphoid organs and circulating blood of psoriatic mice.Azaphenothiazines do not show side‐effects in psoriatic mice in contrast to the reference drug Clobederm®.Azaphenothiazines inhibit production of chemokines by a keratinocyte cell line.

Improvement of large animal model for studying osteoporosis

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the impact of steroidal medications on the structure and mechanical properties of supporting tissues of sheep under experimentally-induced osteoporosis. A total of 21 sheep were used, divided into three groups: a negative control (KN) (n = 3), a positive control (KP) (n = 3) with ovariectomy, and a steroidal group (KS) (n = 15) with ovariectomy and glucocorticosteroids. All animals were kept on a low protein and mineral diet and had limited physical activity and access to sunlight. Quantitative computed tomography was the examination method. The declines in the examined parameter values in the KS group were more than three times higher than in the KN group. The study suggests that a glucocorticosteroidal therapy accelerates and intensifies processes taking place in the course of osteoporosis. The combination of glucocorticosteroids with ovariectomy, a restrictive diet, limited physical activity, and no access to sunlight leads to a decrease in radiological bone density.

Side to side coaptation – new technic in peripherial nerve surgery – preliminary report

This study presents and evaluates side-to-side nerve repair techniques for their ability to induce collateral nerve sprouting. The coaptation of the ventral branches of spinal nerves C5 and C6 to C7 through an incision epineurium was used to repair the nerve. The number of myelinated fiber axons and G-ratio was evaluated. Preliminary results indicate the possibility of using side to side coaptation in brachial plexus nerve surgery.

Gait analysis after neurorrhaphy in the brachial plexus

The gait is a form of human and animal locomotion on land by using limbs. The study assessed functional recovery after end to side and side to side neurorrhaphy the ventral branches of the C5 and C6 spinal nerves to the C7 spinal nerve on the rabbit brachial plexus. Gait statistical analysis showed significant differences between the control group versus the end-to-side and side to side neurorrhaphy groups, in opposite to the comparison between the two experimentals groups. Gait analysis results corresponded with the histomorphometric results. The results indicate the potential use of gait analysis for the assessment of the recovery of nerve function.