Jan Satola

Environmental Chamber Studies of Mercury Reactions in the Atmosphere

1 Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave., Columbus, Oh 43201, USA; 2 N.S. Environmental Protection Agency, J 09 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, Nc 27709, USA; 3 Florida Department Of Environmental Protection At U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, Nc 27709, USA; 4 Florida Department Of Environmental Protection, 2600 Blair Stone Rd., Tallahassee, Fl 32399-2400, USA

Potential Interference Bias in Ozone Standard Compliance Monitoring

Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established a federal reference method (FRM) for ozone (O3) and allowed for designation of federal equivalent methods (FEMs). However, the ethylene‐chemiluminescence FRM for O3 has been replaced by the UV photometric FEM by most state and local monitoring agencies because of its relative ease of operation. Accumulating evidence indicates that the FEM is prone to bias under the hot, humid, and stagnant conditions conducive to high O3 formation. This bias may lead to overreporting hourly O3 concentrations by as much as 20–40 ppb. Measurement bias is caused by contamination of the O3 scrubber, a problem that is not detected by dry air calibration. An adequate wet test has not been codified, although a procedure has been proposed for agency consideration. This paper includes documentation of laboratory tests quantifying specific interferant responses, collocated ambient FRM/FEM monitoring results, and smog chamber comparisons of the FRM and FEMs with alternative scrubber designs. As the numbers of reports on monitor interferences have grown, interested parties have called for agency recognition and correction of these biases.

Development of Emission Factors for Polycarbonate Processing

Abstract Emission factors for selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate emissions were developed while processing eight commercial grades of polycarbonate (PC) and one grade of a PC/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blend. A small commercial-type extruder was used, and the extrusion temperature was held constant at 304 °C. An emission factor was calculated for each substance measured and is reported as pounds released to the atmosphere/million pounds of polymer resin processed [ppm (wt/wt)]. Scaled to production volumes, these emission factors can be used by processors to estimate emission quantities from similar PC processing operations.

Extractive sampling and optical remote sensing of F100 aircraft engine emissions.

Abstract The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) has initiated several programs to develop and evaluate techniques to characterize emissions from military aircraft to meet increasingly stringent regulatory requirements. This paper describes the results of a recent field study using extractive and optical remote sensing (ORS) techniques to measure emissions from six F-15 fighter aircraft. Testing was performed between November 14 and 16, 2006 on the trim-pad facility at Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama City, FL. Measurements were made on eight different F100 engines, and the engines were tested on-wing of in-use aircraft. A total of 39 test runs were performed at engine power levels that ranged from idle to military power. The approach adopted for these tests involved extractive sampling with collocated ORS measurements at a distance of approximately 20–25 nozzle diameters downstream of the engine exit plane. The emission indices calculated for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and several volatile organic compounds showed very good agreement when comparing the extractive and ORS sampling methods.

Infrared open-path monitoring for studies of atmospheric dispersion of gaseous pollutants

This paper describes an automated FT-IR open path monitoring system that bas been installed at Tinker Air Force Base to monitor volatile organic hydrocarbon (VOC) emissions from the Industrial Waste Treatment Plant. Coordinated FT-IR and gas sampling measurements were performed to provide a basis for the development of plume dispersion calculations to predict emission source strengths and fenceline concentrations. Methods developed to perform this analysis are described.