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Featured researches published by Jana Barthová.


Biologia Plantarum | 1969

Occurrence of ethanol in pea plants in the course of growth under normal and anaerobic conditions

Sylva Leblová; Ilona Zimáková; Dana Sofrová; Jana Barthová

Abstract1)At a so-called natural anaerobiosis during the first 48 hours of germination the concentration of ethanol in pea tissues increases (according to the cultivation conditions) up to 40 μmol per gram fresh weight.2)In a nitrogen atmosphere the content of ethanol in pea seedlings increases as well, and after a 90 hour incubation in N2 it can reach even 100 μmol ethanol per gram fresh weight. In older plants the content increases the most markedly in cotyledons, but considerable amounts were revealed also in stems and roots. Its increase in vegetative organs of plants cultivated both in light and darkness is more or less identical. Ethylalcohol can be formed by the vegetative organs themselves, as proved by the increase of this metabolite in plants deprived of reserve organs; in addition, however, it is evidently transported into them from reserve parts. Ethanol formed under anaerobiosis is catabolyzed after transferring plants to the air.Abstract1.Za tzv. přirozené anaerobiosy během prvých 48 hodin klíčení stoupne koncentrace ethanolu (podle podmínek, za kterých jsou rostliny pěstovány) v pletivech hrachu až na 40 μmolů na gram čerstvé váhy.2.Rovněž v atmosféře dusíku stoupá obsah ethanolu v klíčících semenech hrachu a může např. po 90hodinové inkubaci v N2 dosáhnout dokonce 100 μmolů ethanolu na gram čerstvé váhy. U rostlin starších stoupá obsah nejvýrazněji v dělohách, ale značně také v osách a kořenech. Vzestup ve vegetativních orgánech rostlin pěstovaných na světle i ve tmě je víceméně shodný. Vegetativní orgány mohou ethanol samy tvořit, jak dokazuje vzestup tohoto metabolitu u rostlin zbavených reservních orgánů, vedle toho však je do nich zřejmě také transpotován z reservních částí. Ethanol vytvořený za anerobiosy se po přenesení rostlin na vzduch odbourává.


Biologia Plantarum | 1971

On plant alcohol dehydrogenases

Sylva Leblová; Ilona Zimáková; Jana Barthová; Dana Ehlichová

We have found in a number of plants (lentil, lupine, bean, barley, oats, rye, wheat, cucumber, melon, flax, sunflower and rape) that varying amounts of ethanol are formed under natural anaerobiosis and, that in later growth periods these plants continue to react to anaerobiosis by formation of ethanol. When the testa has opened in germinating plants or, when plants are transferred from the anaerobic atmosphere to air, ethanol disappears.Plants contain alcohol dehydrogenases, the activity of which depends on the alcohol concentration in their tissue; the maximum concentration is reached during natural anaerobiosis, rising in the course of further growth when the plants are kept in a nitrogen atmosphere.Alcohol dehydrogenases of the plants studied are localised in the soluble cell fraction notsedimenting at 120 000 g, their pH optimum is in the weakly alkaline region and their Michaelis constants are equal in order of magnitude (10−5m). They are all inhibited in the same way by Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, B4O72− ions, p-chloromercuric benzoate, iodoacetate, EDTA and phenantroline, which may be considered as evidence of the presence of −SH groups. The specific activity of alcohol dehydrogenase preparations is higher in plants grown in light than in plants grown in the dark.The specific activity of plant alcohol dehydrogenases can be increased by precipitation with ammonium sulphate by at most one order of magnitude, while all the activity is lost by this purification process in the case of cereals.The following isoenzyme composition of ADH was found by means of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide: the enzyme from poas and sunflower, for example, is composed of three, that from wheat and oats six, the enzyme from maize and barley of five isoenzymes.AbstractZjistily jsme, že u celé řady rostlin (čočky, lupiny, fazolu, pelušky, ječmene, ovsa, žita, pšenice, okurky, melounu, lnu, slunečnice, řepky olejky) se za přirzené anaerobiosy tvoří větší nebo menší množství ethanolu a že všechny tyto rostliny reagují i v dalším růstovém, údobí na anaerobiosu tvorbou ethanolu. Ethanol po prasknutí testy u klíčících rostlin nebo přenesení rostlin z anaerobní atmosféry na vzduch mizí.Rostliny obsahují alkoholdehydrogenasy, jejichž aktivity je zévislá na koncentraci ethanolu vpletivech: dosahuje maxima během přirozené anaerobiosy a v dalším růstu se zvýší při přechovávání rostlin v atmosféře dusíku.Alkoholdehydrogenasy studovaných rostlin jsou lokalisované v rozpustné buněčné frakei nesedimentující při 120 000 g, mají pH optimum v mírně alkalické oblasti a Michaelisovy konstanty jsou řádově stejné (10−5m). Inhibice ionty Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, B4O72−, p-chlormerkutibenzoátem, jodacetátem, EDTA a fenantrolinem jsou obdobné a svědčí o přítomnosti −SH skupin. Specifická aktivita preparátu alkoholdehydrogenasy je vyšší u rostlin pěstovaných na světle než ve tmě.Srážení síranem amonným dovolí zvýšit specifickou aktivitu rostlinných alkoholdehydrogenas maximálně o jeden řád, u obilovin se u tohoto stupně čištění aktivita ztrácí.Elektroforesou na polyakrylamidu jsme zjistily isoenzymové složení ADH: Např. enzym z hrachu a slunečnice obsahuje 3, pšenice a oves 6 a kukuřice a ječmen 5 isoenzymů.


Journal of Chromatography A | 1980

Determination of the interaction of lactate dehydrogenase with high-molecular-weight derivatives of AMP by affinity electrophoresis.

Marie Tichá; Jana Barthová; J. Labský; M. Semanský

The interaction of lactate dehydrogenase with high-molecular-weight derivatives of AMP was studied by affinity electrophoresis in an alkaline buffer system and by means of kinetic measurements. AMP was coupled to synthetic hydroxypropylmethacrylamide copolymers through glycine, 6-aminohexanoic and 12-aminododecanoic spacer arms. The values of the dissociation constants (K) of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes--immobilized AMP complexes determined by affinity electrophoresis decreased with increasing length of the spacer arm. Lactate dehydrogenase was competitively inhibited by high-molecular-weight derivatives of AMP; values of the inhibition constants (Ki) also depended on the spacer arm: the longer the spacer arm the stronger was the interaction between the enzyme and the inhibitor. Ki values for high-molecular weight derivatives of AMP were lower than those obtained for free AMP.


Biologia Plantarum | 1977

The regulation of lactate dehydrogenase activity in soy-bean seedlings

Jana Barthová; Naděźda Wilhelmová; Sylva Leblová

An electrophoretically homogeneous lactate dehydrogenase was isolated from soybean seedlings, the specific activity of which was approximately 1800 times higher than the crude extract. From the dependence of the rate of reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase on substrate concentration, Michaelis constants and Hill coefficients were determined for four natural substrates,i.e. lactate, pyruvate, NAD and NADH. The enzyme from soy-bean plants is non-competitively inhibited by oxalate and mesoxalate,i.e. by the compounds analogous to the substrate. At pyruvate concentrations above 0.8 mM, the rate of reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase from soy-bean plants decreases, fructose diphosphate and ATP function as inhibitors as well. The inhibition by ATP is pH dependent, which seems to be of importance for the regulation of enzyme activityin vivo.


Phytochemistry | 1976

Isolation and properties of lactate dehydrogenase from germinating pea plants

Jana Barthová; Josef Borvák; Sylva Leblová

Abstract Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was isolated from pea seedlings by means of protamine sulphate and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fractionation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150. The enzyme had a MW of ca 145 500. The kinetic properties studied were the lactate oxidation pH optimum (9·1) and the pyruvate reduction pH optimum (7·1). K m values were determined for four natural substrates (Lactate, pyruvate, NAD + and NADH) and for other acids (glycollate, α-ketoglutarate and glyoxylate). The K i value was determined for p -chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) which is a noncompetitive inhibitor of LDH from pea plants, and the course of irreversible inhibition of the enzyme by iodoacetamide (IA) and n -ethylmaleimide (NEMI) was studied. Preincubation of LDH with the coenzyme protects against PCMB inhibition, indicating the important role of the sulfhydryl group in the active site.


Biologia Plantarum | 1969

Influence of light and darkness on the concentration of lactic, glycolic, succinic, malic and citric acid in pea plants

Jana Barthová; Sylva Leblová

Chromatographic separation of an extract of organic acids on a Dowex-l column in the formiate cycle was used to study the content of several organic acids in pea plants, cultivated either in light or in darkness. Concentration changes of the individual acids in the course of growth indicate that the citrate cycle is blocked in the cotyledons of plants grown in light in the period around the 15th day of growth, probably at the site of succinic dehydrogenase (succinic and lactic acids accumulate and the content of citric and malic acids is exhausted). There is no inhibition in the cotyledons of etiolated plants. In vegetative organs, the concentration of the majority of the acids studied is lower than in cotyledons, probably because synthetic processes prevail over degradation processes in these organs. It seems that other processes besides the citrate cycle participate in malate synthesis in pea plants.AbstractMetodou chromatografického dělení směsi kyselin na sloupei Dowexu-l byly sledovány změny v obsahu organických kyselin v zásobních i vegetativních orgánech rostlin hrachu pěstovaných na světle nebo ve tmě. V dělohách zelených rostlin se kolem 10. až 15. dne růstu hromadí kyseliny jantarová a mléčná, zatímeo klesá obsah kyselin citronové a jablečné. Zdá se, že všechny tyto změny nasvědčují tomu, že je zde blokován citrátový cyklus patrně v místě sukeinátoxidasy. Dělohy etiolovaných rostlin neakumulují žádný z intermediátů cyklu. Ve vegetativních orgánech jak rostlin zelených tak etiolovaných je koncentrace kyselin mnohem nižší, v těchto částech rostlin zřejmě významně převažuje synthesa nad odbouráváním.Rozdíly v obsahu organických kyselin v dělohách zelených a etiolovaných rostlin mluví pro to, že u rostliny jako celku existuje regulace fotosynthesy a respirace navzájem.AbstractМетодом хроматографического разделения смеси кислот на колонке Дауэкс-1 исследовались изменения содержания органических кислот в запасных и вегетативных оргнах гороха выращиваемого на свету или в темноте. В семядолях зеленых растений около 10–15 дня роста накопляются янтарная и молочная кислоты, в то время как понижается содержание яблочной и лимннй кислот. Как будто все эти изменения свидетельствуют о том, что здесь блокируется цитратный цикл, вероятно в месте сукцинатоксидазы. Семядоли этиолированных растений не накопляют ни одного из промежуточных продуктов цикла. В вегетативных органах зеленых и этиолированных растений концентрация кислот намного ниже, в этих частях растений очевидно значительно преобладает синтез над распадом.Различие в содержании органических кислот в семядолях зеленых и этиолиованных растений говорит о том, что в растении как целом существует регуляция фотосинтеза и дыхания, одного в связи с друтим.


Biologia Plantarum | 1973

Isolation of alcohol dehydrogenases from germinating seeds of pea, broad-bean, lentil and kidney-bean

Sylva Leblová; P. Mançal; Dana Sofrová; Jana Barthová

The maximum of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity of germinating pea and broad-bean seeds sediments from 40 to 60% ammonium sulfate saturation, from lentil and kidney-bean seeds between 40 and 50%. This operation increased the specific activity of ADH preparations roughly tenfold. Chromatography on DEAE-eellulose and gel filtration increased the activity of the resulting preparation when compared with the initial preparation 178 times with pea, 334 times with broad-bean, 122 times with lentil and 77 times with kidney-bean. The ADHs resemble each other in coenzyme specificity: the reaction rate with NAD is one hundred times greater than with NADP. The substrate specificity is quite wide: besides ethanol, these enzymes oxidize 2-propene-l-ol (actually faster than ethanol), 2-butene-l-ol (at the rate of one half t h a t of ethanol) and butanol (even more slowly). In general, saturated alcohol analogues are oxidized more slowly than unsaturated ones. Methanol is a substrate for the enzym from pea only. The ADHs of the plants studied did not oxidize diols, sugar alcohols and cyclic alcohols. The enzyme from pea has the widest substrate specificity oxidizing isobutanol, phenylalcohol and mercaptoethanol. ADHs, which are widely encountered in plants, resemble each other to a certain degree — they have identical coenzymes, equal Km values and equal values of the pH optimum, they differ in the purification process and in substrate specificity.AbstractMaximum aktivity alkoholdehydrogenasy (dále ADH) z klíčících semen hraehu a bobu sedimontuje mezi 40 až. 60 % syeení síranem amonným, z čočky a fazolu mezi 40 až 50 %. Specifická aktivlta preparátů ADH so toutp operací zvýší přibližně desetkrát. Chromatografií na DEAE-celulose a gelovou filtrací so aktivita výsledného preparátu ve srovnání s výehozím extraktom zvýšla u hrachu 173krát, u bobu 334krát u čočky 122krát a u fazolu 77krát. ADH jsou si podobné pokud jdo o koenzymovou specificitu: reakění ryehlost je s NAD stonásobná ve srovnání NADP. Substrátová speeificita je značně široká: enzymy vedle ethanolu oxidují, a to dokonce ryehleji než ethanol, 2-propen-l-ol, přibižní polovční ryehlostí než ethanol 2-butan-l-ol a ještě pomaleji butanol. Obecně jsou nenasycená analoga alkoholů oxidována ryehleji než nasyeená. Methanol jo substráte, pouze pro enzym z hrachu. Dioly, cukerné alkoholy a cyklické alkoholy AD[-I studovaných rosthn neoxldovaly. Nejširší substrátovou specificitu má enzym z hrachu, který oxldoval lsobutanol, fenylalkohol i merkaptoethanol. ADH, které jsou u rostlin značně rozšířené, jsou si do jisté miry podobné — maji stejné koenzymy, shodné hodnoty Km i pH optima, liší se chováním během čiště6ní a substrátovou specifieitou.


Environmental Research | 1985

The effect of s-triazine-type pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons on lactate dehydrogenase

Jana Barthová; Helena Kalašová; Věra Pacáková; Sylva Leblová

The effect of pesticides on nontarget organisms was studied by following their effect on enzymes from these organisms in vitro. s-Triazines substituted in positions 2, 4, and 6 behaved as inhibitors of plant and animal lactate dehydrogenase, acting competitively with respect to the coenzyme. The inhibition constants were of the order of 10(-3) M and the structure of the substituents exerted no pronounced effect on the inhibition type and the value of the inhibition constant. Polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons were found to be much stronger inhibitors, with inhibition constants of the order of 10(-5) M. These substances inhibit the reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase not only by reaction with the enzyme, but also by a probable direct reaction with the coenzyme.


Biologia Plantarum | 1967

The influence of light, darkness and changes in co2 and o2 concentration in die atmosphere on growth and gas exchange in pea (Pisum sativum)

Jana Barthová; Sylva Leblová; J. Koštíř

When compared with the control plants, the increase in dry weight in the growing parts of germinating plants ofPisum sativum L., cultivated in a closed atmosphere in darkness or light is heavily inhibited. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the closed atmosphere increased in 60 mg CO2/per 1 g of the final dry weight of plants after 10 days. Similar results were obtained with older plants under similar conditions. The Knop solution caused a slight increase of dry weight in the growing parts of plants, but did not change considerably the relations in gas exchange. The results show that even plants which are able to photosynthetize, are only transpiring under the above conditions; first, when the plants were devoid of cotyledons, as storage organs, the changes in their dry weight (but not the changes in the CO2 and O2 exchange in a closed atmosphere) seemed to show photosynthetic income of CO2 (while its concentration increased to 3–6 volume %) when compared with the control.From the above results follows that quantative relations between photosynthesis respiration cannot be solved by analysing the gas exchange in a closed atmosphere.AbstractPřirústek sušiny rostoucích částí klíČních rostlin Pisum sativum L. pě stovaných v uzavřené atmosfé ře ve tmě i na světle je proti kontrole silně inhibován. Koncentrace kysličníku uhličité ho se v uzavřené atmosfére zvýsila o 60 mg CO2 na 1 g konečné sušiny rostlin za 10 dní. Obdobných výsledků bylo dosaženo i u staršich rostlin podrobených podobným vlivům. Knopův ž ivný roztok způsobil sice zvyšení přírůstku sušiny rostoucích cásti rostlin, nezměnil však podstatně uvedené poměry výměny plynú.Výsledky svědčí o tom, že i fotosyntézy schopné rostliny pouze dýchaly. Teprve, když byly zbaveny děloh jako zásobních orgánů, fotosynthetisovaly při zvýšené koncentraci CO2 (3-6 ob. %), o čemž svědči změny v sušině, nikoliv však změny ve výměně CO2 a O2 v uzavřené atmosféře ve srovnání s kontrolami. Z uvedených výsledků vyplývá, že analyzou výměny plynů v uzavřené atmosféře nelze řešit kvantitativni vztah mezi fotosyntézou a dýoháním.AbstractПрирост сухого вещес тва растущих частей п роростков Pisum sativum L., выращи ваемых в изолировапн ой атмосфере, сильно о тстает от контрольны х растени.й. Кон центрация CO2 в замкнут ой атмосфере повысил ась на 60 мг CO2/1 г сухого ве шества растении за 10 дней. Анал огичные резулътаты п олучены и у более взро слых растений при тех же условиях. Пи тателъный раствор Кн опа, хотя и повысил при рост сухого вещества растущих ча стей растений, в основ ном не изменил привед енную вышс ха рактеристику газооб мена. Результаты свид етельствуют о том, что и растения, способные к фотосинтезу, толъко дъппали. Лишь при устр анении семядолей как запасных органов в растениях идет фото синтез, при повышенпо й концентрации CO2 - от 3 д о 6% объема. Об зтом свидехельств уют измепения сухого веса, а на изменениях г азообмена CO2 и O2 в замкнутои атмосфер е зто не сказывается. И з резулътатов следуе т, что по одному лишь анализу газообм ена в замкнутой атмос фере нельзя изучать к оличественные отношения между фото синтезом и дыханием


Biologia Plantarum | 1983

The effect of some herbicides on lactate dehydrogenase activity

M. Press; Jana Barthová; Sylva Leblová

The effect of herbicides N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine (atrazine) and the respective commercial preparations “Round-up”, “Aminex”, and “Zeazin”, on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase isolated from germinating soybean seeds and beef heart were compared. The main aim of the work was to compare the effect of the herbicides on lactate dehydrogenase isolated from animal and plant material. Simultaneously the effect of herbicides and the respective commercial preparations was compared. Substantial differences resulting from the two comparisons indicate differences in the structure of active centres of lactate dehydrogenase isolated from animal and plant material, and also a considerable effect of additives and surfactants in commercial preparations.

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Tomislav Barth

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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Sylva Leblová

Charles University in Prague

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Lenka Klasová

Charles University in Prague

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Václav Kašička

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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Karel Ubik

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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Pavel Hrbas

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Dana Sofrová

Charles University in Prague

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I. Rychlík

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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Irena Hulová

Charles University in Prague

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Karel Jošt

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

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