Jane Baxter

Alternative management accounting research—whence and whither

Abstract This paper reviews alternative management accounting research in AOS from 1976 until 1999. We highlight seven different research perspectives that have flourished under this label: a non-rational design school; naturalistic research; the radical alternative; institutional theory; structuration theory; a Foucauldian approach; and a Latourian approach. It is contended that these different approaches have assumed an important role in raising a number of significant and interesting disciplinary insights. As a form of collective non-positivist enterprise, alternative management accounting research has demonstrated: the many different rationalities of management accounting practice; the variety of ways in which management accounting practice is enacted and given meaning; the potency of management accounting technologies; the unpredictable, non-linear and socially-embedded nature of management accounting change; and the ways in which management accounting practice is both constrained and enabled by the bodily habitudes of its exponents. In conclusion, we consider how alternative management accounting research may sustain its distinct contributions in the future.

The field researcher as author‐writer

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to introduce the literary authority of qualitative management accounting field research (QMAFR) and its interconnectedness with the scientific authority of this form of research. Design/methodology/approach - The paper adopts a non-positivist perspective on the writing/authoring of QMAFR. The paper illustrates its arguments by analysing how the field is written/authored in two well-known examples of qualitative management accounting research, using Golden-Biddle and Lockes framework as a way of initiating an understanding of how field research attains its “convincingness”. Findings - The paper finds that these two examples of QMAFR attain their convincingness by authoring a strong sense of authenticity and plausibility, adopting writing strategies that signal the authority of the researcher and their figuration of the “facts”. Research limitations/implications - The paper argues for a more aesthetically informed consideration of the “goodness” of non-positivist QMAFR, arguing that its scientific and aesthetic forms of authority are ultimately intertwined. Practical implications - This paper has practical implications for informing the ways in which QMAFR is read and written, arguing for greater experimentation in terms of its narration. Originality/value - The value of this paper lies in its recognition of the authorial and aesthetic nature of QMAFR, as well as it potential to encourage debate, reflection and changed practices within the community of scholars interested in this form of research.

The Changing Nature of Contracting and Trust in Public-Private Partnerships:The Case of Victorian PPP Prisons

This paper examines shifting constructions of contracting and trust that are manifest between pre-2000 and post-2000 public-private partnerships (PPPs) providing prison facilities and/or services in the Australian State of Victoria. As such, this paper is significant because it outlines longitudinal insights into the nature of changing practices sustaining these PPPs. The post-2000 period examined reflects a change of government and the policy context. Our examination is based on a range of primary and secondary documents. The primary documents comprise three pre-2000 Prison Services Agreements and two post-2000 Facilities Services Agreements. A number of government and other reports constitute the secondary documents consulted. While there are many substantive similarities between the contracts, we find five main areas of changed contracting practices over the period examined. These relate to: first, the objectives of the PPP prisons; second, risk management practices; third, the approach to performance measurement and reporting; fourth, the structuring of incentive and payment mechanisms; and fifth, the emphasis on collaboration. Overall, we find that the post-2000 contracts promote a more overt development of goodwill trust and relational contracting, building on presumptions of contractual and competence forms of trust. However, quite different outcomes have been achieved from particular contractual contexts. Our study suggests that in complex PPP contracts, the influences of both the transacting parties and the transaction environment have been insufficiently recognized in the literature on PPPs.

Calculating Customer Lifetime Value (CLV): Theory and Practice

This paper examines the calculation of customer lifetime value (CLV). Two case studies from Australasian practice are used to describe how CLV is calculated. These case studies reveal that customer retention rates, customer acquisition costs and the present value of future expected base profits are incorporated into the calculation of CLV. Other drivers of CLV, such as revenue growth, cost savings, referrals and price premiums, were not significant in this examination of practice. Practitioners indicated that these other drivers were not used for two reasons: first, they were unable to readily quantify them; and second, they expressed doubts as to their significance. In brief, it appears that practitioners are developing simple and feasible representations of CLV to use in business decision-making.

Accounting for Stakeholders and Making Accounting Useful: Accounting for Stakeholders

A belief in the importance of available and relevant information to managers and stakeholders has propelled significant accounting change, motivating the development of new forms of reporting argued to provide more useful accounting information. However, accounting is not inherently useful. Accounting information is a heterogeneous agglomeration that is made useful in practice. We overview research, illustrating the experimental, emotional, imaginative and complementation stratagems that practitioners adopt in making accounting information useful. This research shows that diverse stakeholder interests are mobilised in processes making accounting information useful. The ethical implications of accounting for stakeholders are then considered, particularly the problematic consequences of greater transparency. The critical possibilities of accounting for stakeholders are outlined next. We conclude by arguing that further research problematizing the usefulness of accounting information, including the networks of interests accomplishing this, is vital to advance debate on accounting for stakeholders.