Janelle R. Anderson

Fabrication of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane).

Microfluidic devices are finding increasing application as analytical systems, biomedical devices, tools for chemistry and biochemistry, and systems for fundamental research. Conventional methods of fabricating microfluidic devices have centered on etching in glass and silicon. Fabrication of microfluidic devices in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by soft lithography provides faster, less expensive routes than these conventional methods to devices that handle aqueous solutions. These soft‐lithographic methods are based on rapid prototyping and replica molding and are more accessible to chemists and biologists working under benchtop conditions than are the microelectronics‐derived methods because, in soft lithography, devices do not need to be fabricated in a cleanroom. This paper describes devices fabricated in PDMS for separations, patterning of biological and nonbiological material, and components for integrated systems.

Microfluidics Section: Design and Fabrication of Integrated Passive Valves and Pumps for Flexible Polymer 3-Dimensional Microfluidic Systems

This paper describes the fabrication of flexible, polymeric 3-dimensional microfluidic systems with integrated check valves (flap and diaphragm valves) and a pump by stacking patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layers containing microchannels and vias. We describe this procedure for fabricating, manipulating, and bonding of PDMS membranes and bas-relief plates into multilayer microfluidic devices. The fabrication and demonstration of integrated check valves and a pump in a prototype polymer 3-dimensional microfluidic system is a step toward practical realization of all-polymer, flexible, low-cost, disposable microfluidic devices for biochemical applications.

Infrared cavity ringdown and integrated cavity output spectroscopy for trace species monitoring

Although the ability of high finesse optical cavities to provide effective absorption path-lengths exceeding 10 km. has been known for quite some time, attempts to utilize this property for the purposes of high-resolution spectroscopy have often resulted in extremely complex experimental systems. Here, we demonstrate how off-axis optical paths through such cavities can be employed to produce relatively simple spectrometers capable of ultrasensitive absorption measurements. A proof-of-concept study using visible diode lasers has achieved a normalized absorption sensitivity of 1.8*10-10 cm-1Hz-1/2. Additionally, quantum cascade lasers have been employed to extend this method into the mid-infrared region, where sensitivities of 1.2*10-9 cm-1Hz-1/2 have been obtained.

Modeling the Kinetics of Acylation of Insulin using a Recursive Method for Solving the Systems of Coupled Differential Equations

This paper describes a theoretical method for solving systems of coupled differential equations that describe the kinetics of complicated reaction networks in which a molecule having multiple reaction sites reacts irreversibly with multiple equivalents of a ligand (reagent). The members of the network differ in the number of equivalents of reagent that have reacted, and in the patterns of sites of reaction. A recursive algorithm generates series, asymptotic, and average solutions describing this kinetic scheme. This method was validated by successfully simulating the experimental data for the kinetics of acylation of insulin.