Janet L. Kelly

Efficacy of a 6-week prophylactic ganciclovir regimen and the role of serial cytomegalovirus antibody testing in lung transplant recipients

CMV is a frequently occurring pathogen in recipients of solid organ transplants, and those receiving lung transplants seem to be affected more frequently and more severely. Because the duration of prophylactic ganciclovir may influence the incidence of CMV disease in solid organ transplant recipients, we evaluated the efficacy of a 6-week prophylactic regimen in lung transplant recipients. We also evaluated the ability of a fourfold rise in CMV antibody titer to predict the development of CMV disease. Twenty-one consecutive lung transplant recipients were enrolled: 15 were CMV antibody-positive at the time of transplantation, and six were CMV antibody-negative and received a lung transplant from CMV-positive donors. Mean ± SD follow-up was 430±157 days (range 178–730 days, median 449 days). The 6-week ganciclovir regimen prevented neither CMV infection (which occurred in 17/21 patients, 81%) nor CMV disease (seen in 8/21 patients, 38%). A fourfold rise in CMV antibody titer only preceded the onset of CMV disease in 3/13 instances (23%). We conclude that a 6-week regimen of ganciclovir prophylaxis does not prevent CMV infection or disease in lung transplant recipients and that a rise in serially obtained CMV antibody titers rarely precedes the development of CMV disease.

Optimizing Prescribing Practices of High-Cost Medications With Computerized Alerts in the Inpatient Setting:

Current literature does not consistently show a benefit to providing medication cost information to inpatient health care prescribers. This study assessed the effectiveness of computerized provider order entry alerts that displayed the cost of a high-cost medication alongside a lower cost alternative, targeting 3 high-cost medications. Medication utilization during the one year prior to the intervention was compared to usage in the year after implementation. Reduced utilization of high-cost medications was found when comparing pre to post. Ipratropium hydrofluoroalkane and fluticasone hydrofluoroalkane metered dose inhaler utilization were reduced by 29% and 62%, respectively (P < .001 for both). A 71% decrease in intravenous chlorothiazide was observed (P < .001); however, its effect was unable to be separated from implementation of a heart failure diuretic protocol during the study period. Overall, these results suggest computerized medication cost alerts that recommend a lower cost therapeutic alternative are effective in changing prescribing practices.