János Máth

Pseudophakic accommodation and pseudoaccommodation under physiological conditions measured with partial coherence interferometry.

PURPOSE: To distinguish pseudophakic accommodation from pseudoaccommodation by measuring the physiologically and pharmacologically induced anterior chamber depth (ACD) shifts. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. METHODS: This study comprised 100 pseudophakic eyes of 79 patients. Forty patients (Group 1) received the AcrySof MA60AC intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories), 50 patients (Group 2) received the SA60AT IOL (Alcon Laboratories), and 10 patients (Group 3) received the apodized diffractive SA60D3 ReSTOR IOL. Visual function was evaluated a mean of 10.2 months ± 9.2 (SD) postoperatively, and the total pseudoaccommodative amplitude was determined with a defocusing technique. To distinguish pseudophakic accommodation from pseudoaccommodation, ACD measurements were performed using partial coherence interferometry during distance fixation and physiologic accommodation after pharmacologic relaxation of the ciliary muscle. RESULTS: Best corrected distance and near visual acuities were similar in the 3 groups (P = .75 and P = .08, respectively). Distance corrected near visual acuity was significantly better in Group 3 (P<.001), with all eyes achieving J1 or better. Three percent in Group 1 and 8% in Group 2 achieved J1 or better. Subjective accommodation was similar in Groups 1 and 2 (−0.82 ± 0.18 diopter [D] and −1.00 ± 0.35 D, respectively; P = .3). Group 3 had an accommodation curve with 2 peaks. Intraocular lens movement differences between the groups were not significant (physiologic stimulus: P = .07; cyclopentolate: P = .46), and significant ACD shifts from baseline were not detected (physiologic stimulus: P = .14; cyclopentolate: P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: Pseudoaccommodative amplitude of the investigated monofocal IOLs was independent of IOL movement. Anterior shift did not affect good near visual acuity with the AcrySof ReSTOR IOL.

Oral health of long‐term childhood cancer survivors

As survival rate of children with cancer improved considerably during the past decades, late effects of antineoplastic therapy gained an increasing importance. Oral and dental care seem to be neglected areas resulting in considerable impairment of quality of life in adolescents and young adults cured from cancer. Even literature data surveying oral and dental status of childrenwith preceding neoplastic and hematologic disease are sparse. Here we report on the oral and dental status of longterm cancer survivors followed-up at the Outpatient Hematology-Oncology Clinic of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center (UDMHSC). Forty-five children in long-term remission, previously treated for neoplastic diseases at the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UDMHSC were included into the study. The survey was performed in the Institute of Dental Sciences of the UDMHSC. Of the 45 patients, 25 boys and 20 girls, aged 4–25 years (mean 12.9 years), were examined. At the time of diagnosis, the age ranged from 1 to 22 years (mean 6.9 years). Mean survival time was 1–14 years (mean 5.9 years) at the time of the survey. The underlying diseases were 23/45 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 5/45 acute myeloblastic leukemia, and 17/45 solid tumors. Patients were treated according to standard protocols as accepted by the Hungarian Pediatric Oncology Group (HPOG). In course of the combined cytotoxic treatment, out of 28 patients (ALL, AML) 13 received cranial irradiation (12 and 18 Gy, respectively) in addition to chemotherapy; while out of 17 patients (solid tumors), 11 received additional irradiation (18–40 Gy). The irradiation field of solid tumor patients did not involve the cranium. For each patient, an age and sex-matched control was chosen randomly from kindergarden and school children of similar socio-economic background attending at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, MHSCUD. Oral and dental status, including X-ray imaging, was assessedwith informed consent. TheDMF numeric scores are generally accepted in the stomatologic literature to quantify the extent of dental disorders [1]. The scores represent the total number of decayed (D), missing (M) or filled (F) permanent teeth (DMF-T) and, allowing a more precise evaluation of dental status, the tooth surfaces (DMF-S). Of these indices, we used the combined DM scores (i.e., the number of decayedþmissing teeth/ surfaces within the denture of a proband) and F scores characteristic for dental pathology and treatment, respectively. In addition to the numeric score system, we also recorded congenital and acquired oral and dental malformations. DMandF data points did not follownormal distribution as checked with Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, therefore, we used nonparametric tests for the further statistical analysis of our data. Differences and correlations were considered significant if P-values were below 0.05. Before testing the difference of DM and F indexes of teeth and surface between patient and control group, we investigated the effect of age to these differences. We found strong and statistically significant, positive correlation between age and the DM differences (Spearman correlation, Corr1⁄4 0.463, P< 0.003 for teeth, Corr1⁄4 0.523, P< 0.001 for surface). To control for this effect of age, we created three age groups: 4–11, 12–15, and 16– 25 years. To check the relevance of these age intervals, we

Corneal endothelial function after phacoemulsification using the fluid-based system compared to conventional ultrasound technique

AimTo quantitatively assess corneal endothelial changes after phacoemulsification with the fluid-based system compared to conventional ultrasound technique.MethodsThis prospective, randomized clinical study included patients with cataract who were randomly assigned either to have phacoemulsification with the fluid-based system (30 eyes of 30 patients—Group 1) or with traditional ultrasound (30 eyes of 30 patients—Group 2). Patients who were available at each follow-up visit (25 eyes in both groups) were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Endothelial function was evaluated by measuring central corneal thickness, central endothelial cell density (ECD), mean cell size, and coefficient of variation in cell size preoperatively, 10 days, 1 and 3 months, and 1 year after surgery. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA.ResultsAn acute, reversible increase of central corneal thickness (CCT) was found 10 days after surgery, which was similar in both groups (P=0.35). ECD decreased, whereas mean cell size increased significantly immediately after surgery. However, the impairments were finished after 1 month. The alterations were similar in both groups (ECD: P=0.99; mean cell size: P=0.85). The coefficient of variation in cell size remained stable after surgery (P=0.08), and significant difference was not found between groups (P=0.99). The endothelial cell loss (ECL) was 6.5±8.4% in Group 1 and 6.5±11.7% in Group 2 (P=0.69).ConclusionsCorneal endothelial changes were similar using the fluid-based system compared to the traditional ultrasound technique. The fluid-based method proved to be as safe as conventional ultrasound in cataract surgery.

First Year Students’ Algorithmic Skills in Tertiary Computer Science Education

Faculties of Informatics are facing the problem in Hungary that students starting their tertiary education in Computer Sciences do not have a satisfactory level of algorithmic skills, their knowledge seems superficial, and the dropout rate is extremely high in these courses. We have launched a project to test how students’ algorithmic skills have been developed in their primary and secondary education, how students evaluate their knowledge. The test proved that an extremely high percentage of the students arrive at the Faculty of Informatics with underdeveloped algorithmic skills, with unreliable knowledge, and they do not consider the recently emerged, non-traditional environments as programming tools and facilities for developing algorithmic skills.

Fejlesztőprogramok egymintás longitudinális vizsgálatának matematikai statisztikai háttere

E tanulmany a kulonleges banasmodot igenylő tanulok szamara keszult fejlesztőprogramok egymintas, longitudinalis (peldaul ugyanazt a tanulocsoportot evente felmerő, nyomon koveteses jellegű) hatasvizsgalatanak matematikai statisztikai elemzesehez kinal modszertani utmutatot. Praktikus segitseget nyujtunk a kulonbsegvizsgalatok matematikai statisztikai szamitasainak kivalasztasahoz, a szamitasok elvegzesere alkalmas R statisztikai szoftverbe irhato parancssorokhoz, az R altal vegrehajtott szamitasok eredmenyeinek ertelmezesehez, szovegbe foglalasahoz.

Fejlesztőprogramok egymintás, kritériumorientált hatásvizsgálatának matematikai statisztikai háttere

E tanulmany a kulonleges banasmodot igenylő tanulok szamara keszult fejlesztőprogramok egymintas, kriterium szinthez viszonyito (a fejlesztesi tervben meghatarozott celertek elereset tesztelő) hatasvizsgalatanak matematikai statisztikai elemzesehez kinal modszertani utmutatot. Praktikus segitseget nyujtunk az egymintas kulonbsegvizsgalatok matematikai statisztikai szamitasainak kivalasztasahoz (vo.: Abari es tsai, 2015), a szamitasok elvegzesere alkalmas R statisztikai szoftverbe irhato parancssorokhoz, az R altal vegrehajtott szamitasok eredmenyeinek ertelmezesehez, szovegbe foglalasahoz.

Fejlesztőprogramok önkontrollos hatásvizsgálatának matematikai statisztikai háttere

E tanulmany a kulonleges banasmodot igenylő tanulok szamara keszult fejlesztőprogramok (elővizsgalat-fejlesztes-utovizsgalat elrendezesű) onkontrollos hatasvizsgalatanak matematikai statisztikai elemzesehez nyujt modszertani utmutatot. A szukseges alapfogalmak ossze-foglalasa utan bemutatjuk, hogy egy, az adatelemzeshez hasznalhato, ingyenesen letolthető szoftver (az R-nyelv) szamara milyen utasitasokat adhatunk, s a szoftver altal elvegzett statisztikai műveletek eredmenyeit mikent ertelmezhetjuk.

The influence of patient gender on medical and psychology students’ illness attributions: Experiences with a narrative technique

We attempted to identify whether and how the gender of the patient influences interpretations of an illness narrative. We investigated how medical and psychology undergraduates’ (n = 313) views change according to the patient’s gender, students’ gender, and field of study. A short story about a female patient was chosen as stimulus material, and a gender-modified version with a male protagonist was created for comparison. Responses were content analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. The female patient elicited more detailed descriptions and somatizing attributions. The gender of students had a stronger impact on responses than their field of study.