Jantip Setthayanond

Study of Energy-Saving Dyeing Process for Poly(lactic acid) Fabric

. This research studied to develop an energy-saving dyeing process for PLA. The disperse dye used was C.I. Disperse Red 167.1. The effect of dispersing agents viz. SLS and the commercial dispersing agent, on the dyeing ability of the dye on PLA was determined. An energy-saving dyeing process was developed as a 2-stage dyeing process. The dyebath was first preheated at 60°C for 10 minutes followed by dyeing at 110°C for shorter times of 10 and 20 minutes when the conventional process was carried out at 110°C for 30 minutes. The results show that the 2-stage dyeing process provides a satisfactory dyeing with less energy consumption as compared with the conventional PLA dyeing process.

Influence of Monochlorotriazine-β-Cyclodextrin Treatment on Dyeing and Fastness Properties of the Hot-Dyeing Reactive Dye on Cotton

The objective of this paper was to study the application of Monochlorotriazine-β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD) on cotton fabric and its influence on dyeing and fastness properties of the hot-dyeing reactive dye (with MCT reactive group), Drimarene Red X-6BN, on cotton. The optimum curing condition for MCT-β-CD on cotton was investigated. MCT-β-CD treatment was found to be unaffected on the dyeing properties of the dye on cotton. The color fastness to washing of the dyed fabric was improved in the presence of MCT-β-CD, while the light fastness was unaffected.

Application of Sulphatoethylsulphone Reactive-Disperse Dye on PLA and Cotton Fabrics

The current research investigated the dyeing properties on cotton and PLA fabrics of the sulphatoethylsulphone reactive-disperse dye synthesized from coupling reaction between aminophenyl-4-(β-sulphatoethylsulphone) diazonium salt and N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, a preliminary study aiming to develop the dye for one-bath dyeing for PLA/cotton blended fabric. From the study, the optimum dyeing condition of the synthesized dye on PLA fabric was at pH 6 and 110°C. The synthesized dye performed very well on PLA rather than cotton. The dyed PLA fabric also displayed excellent color fastnesses to washing and crocking. A study on cotton dyeing gave the information that the dyeing ability of the dye was enhanced by increasing dyeing temperature and the amounts of added salt and alkali. The dyed cotton fabric exhibited a moderate to good color fastnesses to washing and crocking. A nearly similar shade obtained on PLA and cotton encourages a dyeing process development for PLA/cotton blended fabric.

Development of Adsorbent Material from Tamarind-Seed Testa for Reactive Dye Adsorption

In this research, the adsorbent material was developed from the agricultural waste, tamarind-seed testa. The adsorption of 6 different reactive dyes viz. Procion Red H-E7B, Procion Yellow H-E4R, Procion Navy H-ER, Remazol Brilliant Red F3B gran, Remazol Yellow 3BS-A 150% and Remazol Black B 133%, on the adsorbent prepared from tamarind-seed testa was investigated. The chemical composition analysis showed that the major components in the tamarind-seed testa were lignin and carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose). When the bleached tamarind-seed testa was used as an adsorbent, it was found to efficiently adsorb the reactive dyes at pH 2 without any assisting mechanical agitation. The reactive dye exhibiting ultimate adsorption on the adsorbent was Procion Navy H-ER (66.3 mg/g). A high rate of dye adsorbed capacity was noticed in the first hour and the equilibrium adsorption was reached within 3 hours.

Synthesis of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous (3DOM) TiO2: Photodegradation Catalyst

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) TiO2 were successfully synthesized by incorporating colloidal crystal template and sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and ethanol as precursors. After calcination at 450°C, the synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy (DR/UV-VIS). XRD results indicated that only anatase was presented. SEM images illustrated highly ordered macroporous structure which was a characteristic for 3DOM materials. The band gap energy of 3DOM TiO2 and nanoparticles TiO2 (NP TiO2) were 3.26 eV and 3.23 eV, respectively. Although the band gap value of 3DOM TiO2 similar to NP TiO2 but the photocatalytic performance of the 3DOM TiO2 were higher than that of commercial nanoparticle TiO2. The result suggested that its ordered porous structure is great advantage for photocatalysis.

Self-Cleaning Finishes on PET and PLA Fabrics Using TiO2 Nanoparticles

PET and PLA fabrics were finished with TiO2 nanoparticles by the pad-dry-cure method to enhance self-cleaning abilities. An acrylate binder was used to improve the fixation of TiO2 on polyester fabrics. The existence of TiO2 on the fabrics was confirmed by SEM and ICP-OES. The TiO2 on the finished fabric could reduce the stains in a higher degree as compared to the unfinished fabric. The dyeing properties of polyester with C.I. Disperse Red 60 were slightly affected by TiO2 nanoparticles in terms of color strength (K/S) and color fastness.

Influence of MCT-β-cyclodextrin treatment on strength, reactive dyeing and third-hand cigarette smoke odor release properties of cotton fabric

The concept of third-hand cigarette smoke is a newly-emerging field of interest in public health. Release of second-hand smoke chemicals on the textile surface as a third-hand smoke to the surrounding environment is a malodorous release of hazardous chemicals to health. In this study, the influence of MCT-β-cyclodextrin treatments on not only the third-hand cigarette smoke odor release property but also on the mechanical and dyeing performances of cotton fabric was investigated. MCT-β-cyclodextrin treatments increased the stiffness and tensile strength of cotton fabric. The presence of MCT-β-cyclodextrin on cotton fabric did not significantly affect the dyeing properties and caused no profound effects on the obtained color strength levels on fabrics dyed with Drimarene reactive dyes. MCT-β-cyclodextrin treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the third-hand smoke odor release intensity from the smoke-contaminated cotton, for both dyed and undyed fabrics. The reactive dyes resulted in a positive influence on the third-hand smoke odor release intensity. MCT-β-cyclodextrin presence on the dyed fabric enabled a significant decrease in odor and produced a masking effect with an odor release reduction of up to 65.5%. Inclusion complex between the β-cyclodextrin rings and the volatile organic compounds of the cigarette smoke is believed to be a smoke odor chemical trapping mechanism. MCT-β-cyclodextrin treatment effectively masks chemical malodors from second-hand cigarette smoke and lessens the third-hand smoke odor chemical release onto cotton fabric. Therefore, MCT-β-cyclodextrin treatment may lessen the potential health hazards of third-hand smoke released from the contaminated textile surfaces. This is promising and encouraging for odor emission control and third-hand smoke release problems for smoke-exposed textile products.

Chromium(VI) Adsorption Study Using Bio-Adsorbent Material Derived from Tamarind-Seed Testa

In this research, the chromium (VI) adsorption in potassium chromate (K2CrO4) and potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was studied with the low-cost adsorbent derived from sweet tamarind seeds obtained from the food processing industry in Thailand. The tamarind-seed testa was prepared by decoloring the tamarind-seed husks in boiling water and 1% NaOH solution followed by bleaching in H2O2 solution. The major components found in the tamarind-seed testa were alkali hydrolysable, low molecular-weight carbohydrates. The study found that the adsorbent material derived from tamarind–seed testa could well adsorb chromium ions in both chromium compound solutions at pH 2. The adsorption took place rapidly within the first 4 hours and then gradually declined until reaching adsorption equilibrium in 12 hours. Adsorption of chromium (VI) from potassium chromate solution was superior to that from potassium dichromate. Chromium adsorption at pH 2 fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption mechanism in both solutions was a monolayer chemical adsorption rather than multilayer physical adsorption. The adsorbent could almost completely remove chromium in potassium chromate (90% removal) while it could remove 57% chromium from potassium dichromate solution when the initial chromium concentration of 100 mg/l was employed.

Effect of Nano TiO2 Treatment on Disperse Dyeing and Self-Cleaning Properties of PET Fabric

This research studied the finishing process of nano TiO2 on PET fabric by thermal treatment. The effect of different curing temperatures of nano TiO2 treatment on yellowness, hydrophilicity, self-cleaning of red wine stains and disperse dyeing properties of PET fabric was investigated. The results show that curing of nano TiO2 on the PET fabric should be done at the temperature not less than 180°C. With nano TiO2 treatment, the hydrophilicity and self-cleaning properties of PET fabric were increased. The effect of nano TiO2 treatment on the dyeing properties of three disperse dyes, viz. C.I. Disperse Red 60, C.I. Disperse Violet 33 and C.I. Disperse Red 167, was examined. Nano TiO2 treatment influenced on the color strength of each dyes in a different way.

Utilizing Rayon Fiber Residues from Fiber Manufacturing Industry for Preparation of Cellulose/CMC Hydrogels

The cellulose-based hydrogel was successfully prepared from rayon fiber residue obtained from the fiber manufacturing industry. By chemical means, the hydrogel was simply prepared at an ambient temperature by mixing rayon with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in NaOH/urea solution with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a crosslinking agent. Rayon cellulose was used for stabilizing of hydrogel structure, providing a dimensional stability to the hydrogel whereas CMC acted as a porogen, widening the pore size within the hydrogel structure while swelling in water. With increasing CMC content, the percent water uptake of the hydrogel was increased but the structural stability was impaired. The prepared rayon cellulose/CMC hydrogel could take up more than 200% water within 60 minutes with an appropriate rayon cellulose-to-CMC ratio of 1:1 providing an ultimate balance between percent water uptake and the structural stability of the hydrogel. Its percent water uptake was as high as 285% to its initial dry weight.