Jarosław Wąs

Social distances model of pedestrian dynamics

The knowledge of phenomena connected with pedestrian dynamics is desired in the process of developing public facilities Nowadays, there is a necessity of creating various models which take into consideration the microscopic scale of simulation The presented model describes pedestrian dynamics in a certain limited area in the framework of inhomogeneous, asynchronous Cellular Automata The pedestrians are represented by ellipses on a square lattice, which implies the necessity of taking into account some geometrical constraints for each cell An innovative idea of social distances is introduced into the model — dynamics in the model is influenced by the rules of proxemics As an example, the authors present a simulation of pedestrian behavior in a tram.

Towards realistic and effective Agent-based models of crowd dynamics

The authors propose a new methodology for creating realistic and effective models of crowd dynamics, which takes into account the Agent-based approach combined with non-homogeneous and asynchronous Cellular Automata. The proposed methodology makes it possible to model pedestrians? dynamics in complex environments, like stadiums or shopping centers, and enables mimicking of the pedestrians? complex decision making process on different levels: strategic and tactical/operational. On the other hand, the use of the Agent-based approach makes it possible to apply different scenarios and situational contexts, namely competitive and non-competitive evacuation or free movement of pedestrians. The proposed approach was tested in large-scale test cases, namely the evacuation of the Allianz Arena football stadium in Munich and other stadiums like Wisla Krakow Stadium or GKS Tychy Stadium, as well as AGH University facilities.

Crowd dynamics modeling in the light of proxemic theories

The application of the theory of proxemics brings a promising perspective to microscopic motion modeling in pedestrian dynamics. Combining an agent-based approach and spatial context make it possible to simulate crowd in different classes of situations. The article discusses certain aspects of proxemics theory and the possibility of using the Social Distances model for different classes of situations. Also, an idea of using specialized borderline cells is introduced, which enables more precise space representation.

Proxemics in Discrete Simulation of Evacuation

The article deals with a proxemic approach to evacuation modeling. Proxemics is interpreted as a process of acquisition of space. The authors propose a new, discrete model, based on a more detailed representation of space (taken from the Social Distances Model) and the idea of floor fields. The presented model allows for efficient, real time simulation of evacuation from large facilities using more detailed representation of spatial relations.

Knowledge representation of pedestrian dynamics in crowd: formalism of cellular automata

The aim of the article is to suggest knowledge representation in modeling pedestrian traffic dynamics using the method of Cellular Automata. The article also proposes a modified formalization of Cellular Automata. The formalization enables the introduction of a new automata class with automata exceeding their classic formula, under which the condition of a cell depends only on local relations. The extended idea of the Cellular Automaton makes considering global relations in decision-making processes possible. The automata class presented here is used in modeling pedestrian dynamics in crowd.

Towards Realistic Modeling of Crowd Compressibility

The article presents a new approach to crowd compressibility modeling in pedestrian evacuation. The model is based on Social Distances Model and implements a compressibility coefficient. The main purpose was to study specific flow of pedestrians through bottlenecks. Real data from two experiments were used to validate received results. Differences in compressibility parameters significantly influence pedestrian behavior and simulation scenarios. Higher values of compressibility coefficient lead to increased densities and flow of pedestrian stream.

Multi-agent Systems in Pedestrian Dynamics Modeling

The article presents the use of Multi-agent system (MAS) in pedestrian dynamics modeling. Current trends in pedestrian dynamics are presented with particular focus on a short review of various agent-based models of pedestrian dynamics. The models are briefly discussed and compared.

Cellular Automata as the basis of effective and realistic agent-based models of crowd behavior

The Cellular Automata (CA) paradigm has been recognized as an effective approach used in the modeling and simulation of complex systems. However, its classical form of a homogeneous and synchronous CA has a limited field of applications. For practical applications, non-homogeneous and asynchronous CAs with hybrid technological construction are especially useful in modeling and simulation. In this article, the authors focus on crowd simulations based on CA and agent-based modeling approaches. Basic technical aspects of large-scale crowd simulations are presented: specifically proposed architecture, our view on synchronization patterns, as well as hierarchy of objects in logic and data layer. A new method of agent conflict resolution is also proposed. Such an approach was successfully applied in the Allianz Arena stadium model, and other large-scale simulations developed by the authors. Thus, finally, practical applications of the models are presented.

Multi-agent Frame of Social Distances Model

The article focuses on a multi-agent frame of Social Distances model. It introduces characteristics of active and passive pedestrian behavior. It also presents possibility of using Social Distances model for complex modeling of pedestrian traffic. The presented model also includes a concept of familiar groups.

Heuristic rating estimation: geometric approach

Heuristic rating estimation is a newly proposed method that supports decisions analysis based on the use of pairwise comparisons. It allows the ranking values of some alternatives (herein referred to as concepts) to be initially known, whilst ranks for other concepts have yet to be estimated. To calculate the missing ranks it is assumed that the priority of every single concept can be determined as the weighted arithmetic mean of the priorities of all the other concepts. It has been shown that the problem has an admissible solution if the inconsistency of the pairwise comparisons is not too high. The proposed approach adopts heuristics according to which a weighted geometric mean is used to determine the missing priorities. In this approach, despite increased complexity, a solution always exists and its existence does not depend on the inconsistency or reciprocity of the input matrix. Thus, the presented approach might be appropriate for a larger number of problems than previous methods. Moreover, it turns out that the geometric approach, as proposed in the article, can be optimal. The optimality condition is presented in the form of a corresponding theorem. A formal definition of the proposed geometric heuristics is accompanied by two numerical examples.