Jaswinder Kaur

Dual Band Defected Ground Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMax and Satellite Application

A microstrip patch antenna for Wi-Max and GSM application is proposed. The antenna has a frequency bandwidth of 1.24 GHz (4.6053 GHz – 5.8481 GHz) for WLAN and Wi-Max and 1.04 GHz (6.124 GHz – 7.16 GHz) for Satellite application. The microstrip antenna has a planar geometry and consists of a defected ground, a substrate, a patch, a feed, one slot in patch and a defected ground which consists of a pie () slot and reduced area from all three sides except the feed side. The basic theory and design are analyzed, and simulation using CST Microwave Studio commercial software is employed to optimize the antennas properties. Results show that the proposed antenna has promising characteristics for WiMax, WLAN and Satellite application at 5.5 GHz frequency for WiMax, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz for WLAN and 6-7 GHz for satellite application respectively. The microstrip patch antenna has been analysed for various dimensions of ground and slots respectively. General Terms Microstrip line feed, pie shape and Microstrip Antenna.

Versatility of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Abstract Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology can be applied to a number of pharmaceutical processes, as ample of information can be stored and read rapidly from an RFID tag. Applications may range from inventory control, to access control, to telemedicine, to supply chain management and, most importantly, in combatting counterfeit products. Overall health care services can be improved by using this technology. This technology is gaining popularity in various fields, but is still costly and regulatory considerations are restricting its use. This paper explains the basics of RFID technology and some potential applications related to the pharmaceutical industry.

Optimization and Development of O-shaped Triple-band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications

ABSTRACT In this work, a triple-band patch antenna for wireless communication applications has been proposed. For designing an antenna with suitable resonance characteristics to cover many frequency bands simultaneously, a strip is coupled on the right side of an O-shaped patch element and ground plane has been modified with an inverted L-slot and two unequal slits. The proposed design resonates in three different bands, viz. 2.35–2.86, 3.0–4.3, and 5.64–6.85 GHz with respective bandwidths of 510 MHz, 1.3 GHz, and 1.21 GHz. Obviously, the achieved bands are suitable to cover wireless local area network/industrial, scientific and medical band, Bluetooth, Globalstar satellite phone uplink, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, International Mobile Telecommunication, intelligent transport systems, and satellite communication. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 35 × 30 mm2. The fabrication and measurement of parameters of proposed structure was carried out to verify the simulated results. Finally, complete geometrical method for the design of O-shaped microstrip patch antenna with modified ground plane is presented.

Design of co-axial fed broadband single layer rectangular microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications

In present work, a novel co-axial fed single layer E-shaped rectangular micro strip patch antenna with broadband behavior for wireless local area network (WLAN) and world-wide interoperability for microwave access (Wi-MAX) applications is proposed. The micro strip antenna has a planar geometry that consists of a ground, a substrate, a patch, and a feed. The basic theory about the proposed structural design, impedance matching, and the radiation characteristics are studied and analyzed using method of finite difference time domain technique. Simulation was conducted using computer simulation technology microwave studio software for optimization of antennas properties. The proposed antenna has a frequency bandwidth of about 712 MHz (5.16-5.88 GHz) at −10 dB return loss which is sufficient to make the antenna useful for 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 5.5 GHz Wi-MAX application. The WLAN standard requires the antenna to cover 5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.825 GHz frequency bands and Wi-MAX requires the antenna to cover 5.25-5.85 GHz frequency band. Maximum achievable gain over the entire frequency band is 5.5 dBi. To meet the demanding bandwidth specification, a substrate of low dielectric constant is selected to obtain a compact radiating structure. Furthermore, reflection coefficient is below −10 dB over the entire frequency band at the input of the optimized E-shaped micro strip patch antenna with 50-Ω system impedance.

Effect of TTL Parameter Variation on Performance of AODV Route Discovery Process

A routing protocol is used to facilitate communication in ad hoc network. The primary goal of such a routing protocol is to provide an efficient and reliable path between a pair of nodes. Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networking technology (MANET) is challenging due to its route discovery feature dealing with link failures and to repair the routes in these situations. An ad hoc network is a temporarily infrastructure less network in which nodes can join and leave the network at anytime and are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily. In MANETs, each node should not only work for itself, but should be cooperative with other nodes. In this paper, we propose a scheme to evaluate effect of Time To Live (TTL) increment and threshold value to analyze route discovery process in Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol for proactively less communication overheads. It is simulated using OPNET 14.5 with fixed network area and node density. Our simulation results show that performance of route discovery, link failure and repair mechanism depends on optimal choice of TTL increment and threshold.

An efficient hybrid topology construction in Zigbee sensor network

In this work, based on the characteristics of Zigbee protocol, Zigbee technology is used to model and simulate a wireless sensor network. Designing of hybrid topology by using three possible combination of Zigbee routing schemes considered in different scenarios to certify the reliability of this communication network. The parameters: throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio, network load are measured during these scenarios. The result concludes that the combination of mesh and star topologies is better to make an effective hybrid topology, then the other two combinations. These scenarios are performed taking into account the specific features and recommendations of the IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee standard using OPNET Modeler 14.5. Simulation results quantify the impact of Zigbee network hybrid topologies on the performance factors.

Performance Analysis of Backoff Exponent Behaviour at MAC Layer In ZigBee Sensor Networks

Topology is one of the major new paradigms and is the premier research topic in ZigBee based Wireless Sensor Network and has opened up new challenges for researchers throughout the World due to its wide range of applications ranging from medical research to military. IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee is a worldwide open standard for wireless radio networks which provides network, security, and application support services operating on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) wireless standard and is considered as “technology of choice” due to low-power consumption, cost-effective communication and the reliability they provide. In this paper, we perform extensive network evaluation by creating nine different scenarios, to observe the effect of backoff exponent parameter at MAC layer with three promising topologies in ZigBee sensor network using the OPNET 14.5 network simulation tool.

Modeling and Simulation of CSMA/CA Slotted and Unslotted Mode in Zigbee Routing Schemes

Zigbee is basically a self organizing digital radio network. It is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard used for Wireless Sensor Network. This research work is related to CSMA/CA slotted and unslotted mode on IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless sensor network using three routing schemes. The simulation model is done by using OPNET 14.5. Performances metrics like throughput, data traffic sent and received, packet dropped in the network are determined and analyzed. The results show that the star topology in beacon enable mode give better result than the non beacon mode and overall performance is superior then other topologies.

Simultaneously Failure of Full Functional Devices and Reduced Functional Devices in Zigbee Sensor Network

This work is based on the characteristics of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack. A hybrid topology has been design by using three possible combinations of Zigbee network topologies considered in different scenarios to verify the consistency of this communication network. The scenario has been design under the consideration of device failure in hybrid topologies. There are various parameters like throughput, delay, network load and number hops are measured during these scenarios. The result concludes that Star-Tree hybrid topology is better to make an effective network in case of device malfunctioning. The simulation has been done using OPNET Modeler 14.5. Simulation results enumerate the affect of Zigbee network hybrid topologies on the basis of performance factors.

Deviation of Mobile Nodes in Beacon Enable Zigbee Sensor Network

This research work is based on IEEE 802.15.4/ Zigbee wireless sensor network. The main aim of this research is to analyze the performance of Zigbee network topologies in beacon enable mode by giving the random waypoint mobility model to its nodes. The scenarios have investigated the performance of network by varying speed and mobility of nodes. Results are evaluated using parameters throughput, data traffic sent and data traffic received and number of hops. The simulation is done by OPNET modeler 14.5. The results conclude that tree topology give good performance in case of data traffic sent and data traffic received, the throughput is also efficient. Hence tree topology constructs a robust network using mobile nodes.