Javad Amini Mahabadi

PCL/PVA nanofibrous scaffold improve insulin-producing cells generation from human induced pluripotent stem cells

Pancreatic differentiation of stem cells will aid treatment of patients with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Synthetic biopolymers utilization provided extracellular matrix (ECM) and desired attributes in vitro to enhance conditions for stem cells proliferation, attachment and differentiation. A mixture of polycaprolactone and polyvinyl alcohol (PCL/PVA)-based scaffold, could establish an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture model. The objective of this study was investigation of the human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiation capacity to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in 3D culture were compared with conventional culture (2D) groups evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The functionality of differentiated IPCs was assessed by C-peptide and insulin release in response to glucose stimulation test. Real-Time PCR results showed that iPSCs-IPCs expressed pancreas-specific transcription factors (Insulin, Pdx1, Glucagon, Glut2 and Ngn3). The expressions of these transcription factors in PCL/PVA scaffold were higher than 2D groups. In addition to IPCs specific markers were detected by immunochemistry. These cells in both groups secreted insulin and C-peptide in a glucose challenge test by ELISA showing in vitro maturation. The results of current study demonstrated that enhanced differentiation of IPCs from hiPSCs could be result of PCL/PVA nanofibrous scaffolds. In conclusion, this research could provide a new approach to beta-like cells replacement therapies and pancreatic tissue engineering for T1DM in the future.

Derivation of male germ cells from induced pluripotent stem cells by inducers: A review

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) refer to stem cells that are artificially produced using a new technology known as cellular reprogramming, which can use gene transduction in somatic cells. There are numerous potential applications for iPSCs in the field of stem cell biology becauase they are able to give rise to several different cell features of lineages such as three-germ layers. Primordial germ cells, generated via in vitro differentiation of iPSCs, have been demonstrated to produce functional gametes. Therefore, in this review we discussed past and recent advances in the in vitro differentiation of germ cells using pluripotent stem cells with an emphasis on iPSCs. Although this domain of research is still in its infancy, exploring development mechanisms of germ cells is promising, especially in humans, to promote future reproductive and developmental engineering technologies. While few studies have evaluated the ability and efficiency of iPSCs to differentiate toward male germ cells in vitro by different inducers, the given effect was investigated in this review.

The Effects of Vasectomy on Epididymal Morphology and Sperm Parameters in Adult Male Balb/c mice

La vasectomia es un procedimiento anticonceptivo comun en los hombres. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar el impacto de la vasectomia sobre la morfologia del epididimo y los parametros espermaticos en ratones macho adultos Balb/c. Fueron utilizados en el estudio 20 ratones adultos (8 semanas de edad), con un peso ponderado de 20-30 g. Se dividieron en 2 grupos (vasectomia y Sham). Las cirugias se realizaron bajo anestesia con pentobarbital sodico (40 mg/kg de peso corporal, IP), con acceso a traves de una incision medio- abdominal inferior. La cabeza del epididimo izquierdo fue fijada para estudios histologicos y la cabeza del epididimo derecho se utilizo para el conteo de espermatozoides y evaluar su motilidad. La motilidad progresiva rapida y lenta de los espermatozoides se redujo significativamente en el grupo de ratones vasectomizados en comparacion con el grupo Sham (p<0,05), y el numero de espermatozoides inmoviles en el grupo sometido a la vasectomia aumento. Granuloma espermatico se observo en el 60% de los epididimos despues de la vasectomia. Tambien, el estudio histologico mostro un aumento del diametro del lumen tubular, espacio intersticial e infiltracion de celulas inmunitarias en el tejido intersticial en el grupo sometido a la vasectomia . La vasectomia aumenta los cambios histopatologicos en el epididimo y disminuye la motilidad de los espermatozoides, generando una reduccion en las tasas de fertilidad.

Application of induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell technology to the study of male infertility: MAHABADI et al.

Stem cells (SCs) are classes of undifferentiated biological cells existing only at the embryonic, fetal, and adult stages that can divide to produce specialized cell types during fetal development and remain in our bodies throughout life. The progression of regenerative and reproductive medicine owes the advancement of respective in vitro and in vivo biological science on the stem cell nature under appropriate conditions. The SCs are promising therapeutic tools to treat currently of infertility because of wide sources and high potency to differentiate. Nevertheless, no effective remedies are available to deal with severe infertility due to congenital or gonadotoxic stem cell deficiency in prepubertal childhood. Some recent solutions have been developed to address the severe fertility problems, including in vitro formation of germ cells from stem cells, induction of pluripotency from somatic cells, and production of patient‐specific pluripotent stem cells. There is a possibility of fertility restoration using the in vitro formation of germ cells from somatic cells. Accordingly, the present review aimed at studying the literature published on the medical application of stem cells in reproductive concerns.

The combination of retinoic acid and estrogen can increase germ cells genes expression in mouse embryonic stem cells derived primordial germ cells

Generation of germ cells from embryonic stem cells in vitro could have great application for treating infertility. The temporal expression profile of several genes was expressed at different stages of germ cell development and examined in differentiation the mouse embryonic stem cells. Cells were treated in three groups of control, with 10-8 M of all-trans retinoic acid and the combination of 10-9 M of 17β-Estradiol and retinoic acid for 7, 12, 17 or 22 days. Quantitative RT-PCR and Immunofluorescent were used to investigate the possible inductive effects of estrogen on mouse embryonic stem cell-derived primordial germ cells. mRNA expression of Oct4 and Dazl were downregulated in embryonic stem cells by the retinoic acid group, whereas Mvh transcription was reduced by retinoic acid and estrogen group in these cells compared to the control group. But, retinoic acid with estrogen group-treated cells exhibited increased mRNA expression of Stra8, Fragilis, Sycp3, GDF9, and Stella compared to untreated controls. The expression of Stella and Mvh proteins were remarkably increased in cell colonies. This study shows that estrogen affects the expression of specific markers of primordial germ cells. Also, estrogen and retinoic acid speed up and increase the level of expression of specific markers.

Protective Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) Seeds (AC) Extract on Histopathology of Testis in STZ-Induced Male Rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the extract of Allium cepa (Onion) seeds (AC) on morphometric and histology of testis and biochemical parameters in STZ-induced male rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats (2 month old) were allocated into four groups of control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 200 or 400 mg/kg/day of onion seed extract. Diabetes mellitus was induced using 60 mg/kg body weight of Streptozotocin as a single intraperitoneal injection. The extract was admini stere by stomach gavage for 28 days. The morphometric and histological structure of the testis, biochemical factors like glucose and test terone levels were assessed. All analyses were done at the end of the four week study period. Data were compared by using Kruskal Wall is Test, Dunnett T3 and the degree of significance was set at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01. In diabetic+200 rats, the numbers of primary sperma tocytes were significantly increased. In diabetic+400 rats, seminiferous tubular diameter was significantly increased and the level of testoster ne hormone and testis weight was decreased significantly. In diabetic+200 and 400 rats, the numbers of spermatid, FBS and lumen di meter were significantly increased and the numbers of spermatozoa cells, body weight and volume density (VD) % lumen were decreased. Also, the numbers of spermatid in control diabetic rats was decreased. Our finding indicated that onion seed extract might be u seful as a supplementary protective agent against adverse effects of diabetes on reproductive system in diabetic men.

Effect of Sesame-Supplemented Diet on Prostate and Seminal Vesicle Histology of Adult Rat

La infertilidad es una gran preocupacion para las personas en edad reproductiva y el uso de productos naturales obtenidos a partir de hierbas tradicionales es interesante. Los estudios demuestran que los antioxidantes son importantes en la mejora de la infertilidad masculina. Treinta ratas macho, adultas, se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos, experimental y control. El grupo experimental recibio dieta con un 30 % de semillas de sesamo, mientras que el grupo control recibio dieta estandar durante 12 semanas. Fueron evaluadas la histologia de prostata y vesicula seminal, asi como los niveles sericos de las concentraciones de FSH, LH y testosterona. Los resultados mostraron que el diametro del epitelio periferico y la densidad de volumen del epitelio de la prostata aumentaron, pero la densidad de volumen del estroma de prostata se redujo significativamente en el grupo experimental en comparacion con el grupo control. El diametro del epitelio central y la densidad de volumen del lumen de la prostata no presentaron cambios significativos entre los dos grupos. En la vesicula seminal, la densidad de volumen fibromuscular y el lumen se redujeron significativamente en el grupo de regimen en comparacion con el grupo control. FSH y el nivel de testosterona no cambiaron, mientras que la concentracion de LH aumento significativamente en el grupo de regimen en comparacion con el grupo control (P <0,03). Este estudio indica que la semilla de sesamo podria mejorar los sistemas reproductivos de ratas macho a partir de cambios histopatologicos en la prostata y las vesiculas seminales.