Javier de la Fuente-Hernández

Psychometric properties of the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and dental status of an elderly Mexican population

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index, Spanish version (GOHAI-Sp) and their relationship with the dentition status of an elderly Mexican population as a discriminatory validation. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among persons over 60 years of age. A Spanish version the GOHAI-Sp validated in Spain in institutionalized geriatric patients was used. Clinical evaluation was done in order to determine experience with coronal and root caries. RESULTS Measurement of internal consistency of the GOHAI gave a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.77 for the 12 items. In factorial analysis, one factor alone was capable of explaining 30.6 percent of the total variance. The factor that was most apparent in the factorial analysis of the GOHAI had coefficients > 0.30 for the 12 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of simple adequacy was 0.81 and the Bartletts sphericity test was 1,748.55 with 66 degrees of freedom (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the GOHAI scores between the responses to self-perception of oral and general health (P < 0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant low correlation coefficient between the missing and filled components of the DMFT index and the number of healthy and functional teeth (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The GOHAI has acceptable psychometric properties, discriminates between self-perception of oral health and self-perception of general health, and correlates with past caries experience measured by the DMFT index.

Estado de la dentición y sus efectos en la capacidad de los ancianos para desempeñar sus actividades habituales

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dental state on the capacity of elderly individuals to carry out their daily activities during the previous six months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A transversal study was conducted in the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) with insured elderly persons residing in southwestern Mexico City. Home interviews were conducted to gather sociodemographic data, data on the use of oral health services, problems in carrying out daily activities, and their relationship with the state of dentition over the past six months, utilizing the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) index. Later, three oral health professionals trained in determining the state of dentition according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria performed a clinical examination on each elderly subject. RESULTS: A total of 540 elderly individuals were studied. The prevalence of elderly persons with problems in carrying out their daily activities was 21.5%. The main problems in daily activities were eating (14.4%), speaking (8.7%), not becoming irritated (5.4%), brushing their teeth(5%), and inability to enjoy contact with people (4.4%). There is a positive OIDP correlation between number of teeth lost and the decayed, missing, filled teeth(DMFT) index (p<0.05) and a negative correlation with the number of functional and filled teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The state of dentition in the elderly has repercussions on the capacity to carry out daily activities, with quality of life most seriously affected with regard to eating and enjoying food, as well as with respect to correct pronunciation.

Fluoride Consumption and Its Impact on Oral Health

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate caries and dental fluorosis among Mexican preschoolers and school-aged children in a non-endemic zone for fluorosis and to measure its biological indicators. Methods DMFT, DMFS, dmft, dmfs, and CDI indexes were applied. Fluoride urinary excretion and fluoride concentrations in home water, table salt, bottled water, bottled drinks, and toothpaste were determined. Results Schoolchildren presented fluorosis (CDI = 0.96) and dental caries (DMFT = 2.64 and DMFS = 3.97). Preschoolers presented dmft = 4.85 and dmfs = 8.80. DMFT and DMFS were lower in children with mild to moderate dental fluorosis (DF). Variable fluoride concentrations were found in the analyzed products (home water = 0.18–0.44 ppm F, table salt = 0–485 ppm F, bottled water = 0.18–0.47 ppm F, juices = 0.08–1.42 ppm F, nectars = 0.07–1.30 ppm F, bottled drinks = 0.10–1.70 ppm F, toothpaste = 0–2,053 ppm F). Mean daily fluoride excretion was 422 ± 176 μg/24 h for schoolchildren and 367 ± 150 μg/24 h for preschoolers. Conclusions Data from our study show that, despite values of excretion within an optimal fluoride intake range, the prevalence of caries was significant in both groups, and 60% of the 11- to 12-year-old children presented with dental fluorosis. In addition, variable fluoride concentrations in products frequently consumed by children were found.

Toxicology of antimicrobial nanoparticles for prosthetic devices

Advances in nanotechnology are producing an accelerated proliferation of new nanomaterial composites that are likely to become an important source of engineered health-related products. Nanoparticles with antifungal effects are of great interest in the formulation of microbicidal materials. Fungi are found as innocuous commensals and colonize various habitats in and on humans, especially the skin and mucosa. As growth on surfaces is a natural part of the Candida spp. lifestyle, one can expect that Candida organisms colonize prosthetic devices, such as dentures. Macromolecular systems, due to their properties, allow efficient use of these materials in various fields, including the creation of reinforced nanoparticle polymers with antimicrobial activity. This review briefly summarizes the results of studies conducted during the past decade and especially in the last few years focused on the toxicity of different antimicrobial polymers and factors influencing their activities, as well as the main applications of antimicrobial polymers in dentistry. The present study addresses aspects that are often overlooked in nanotoxicology studies, such as careful time-dependent characterization of agglomeration and ion release.

Growth evolution and phase transition from chalcocite to digenite in nanocrystalline copper sulfide: Morphological, optical and electrical properties.

Summary Copper sulfide is a promising p-type inorganic semiconductor for optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, due its small band gap energy and its electrical properties. In this work nanocrystalline copper sulfide (CuxS), with two stoichiometric ratios (x = 2, 1.8) was obtained by one-pot synthesis at 220, 230, 240 and 260 °C in an organic solvent and amorphous CuxS was obtained in aqueous solution. Nanoparticle-like nucleation centers are formed at lower temperatures (220 °C), mixtures of morphologies (nanorods, nanodisks and nanoprisms) are seen at 230 and 240 °C, in which the nanodisks are predominant, while big hexagonal/prismatic crystals are obtained at 260 °C according to TEM results. A mixture of chalcocite and digenite phases was found at 230 and 240 °C, while a clear transition to a pure digenite phase was seen at 260 °C. The evolution of morphology and transition of phases is consistent to the electrical, optical, and morphological properties of the copper sulfide. In fact, digenite Cu1.8S is less resistive (346 Ω/sq) and has a lower energy band gap (1.6 eV) than chalcocite Cu2S (5.72 × 105 Ω/sq, 1.87 eV). Low resistivity was also obtained in CuxS synthesized in aqueous solution, despite its amorphous structure. All CuxS products could be promising for optoelectronic applications.

Caries y pérdida dental en estudiantes preuniversitarios mexicanos

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dental decay and tooth loss, and to consider the treatment needs for students at the Mexican National Autonomous University (UNAM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was designed including 77 191 students corresponding to the years of entrance to high school 2003, 2004 and 2005. Oral health data were obtained from the DMF-T index included in the Automatized Medical Exam (AME), a student self-answer instrument administered by the General Medical Services Department, UNAM. The analysis of the AME was univaried with the purpose of identifying the distribution and frequency of the variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental decay and tooth loss was 48.0% and 34.2%, respectively. The DMF-T index was 5. The treatment needs for dental decay and tooth loss for a student were considered as at least one lost tooth. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of the students from UNAM high schools need at least restorations and dental prosthesis. This suggests that oral health programs have not yet reached the expected health indexes according to international regulations, as well as the need to develop new research projects directed toward identifying disease severity and the factors that are detrimental to oral health.

Fluoride content in table salt distributed in Mexico City, Mexico.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze table salt available in Mexico Citys market to identify the fluoride concentrations and to compare these with the Mexican regulations. METHODS We analyzed 44 different brands of table salt. All samples were purchased at random in different stores, supermarkets, and groceries from Mexico Citys metropolitan area and analyzed in triplicate in three different laboratories (nine determinations per sample) with an Orion 720 A potentiometer and an Orion 9609 BN ion-specific electrode. RESULTS Fluoride concentration in the samples varied from 0 ppm to 485 ppm. It was found that fluoride concentration varied widely among the analyzed brands. Also, we found that fluoride concentration in 92 percent of the analyzed samples did not match with that printed on the label. Only 6.8 percent of the analyzed samples contained fluoride concentrations that meet Mexican and WHO regulations. CONCLUSIONS The broad variation in the analyzed samples suggests that Mexican Public Health authorities must implement more stringent regulation guidelines and procedures for controlling the distribution of salt and its fluoride concentration for human consumption.

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review

Objective: To perform a literature review regarding current dental fluorosis prevalence in Mexico reported from 2005 to 2015. Materials and methods: A comprehensive scientific literature review, in both English and Spanish, was performed in four databases up to June 2015. Search terms: fluorosis or dental fluorosis (mesh), prevalence (mesh), distribution (mesh), cases (mesh), epidemiology (mesh), Mexico. Results: 17 publications were included. Reported prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico ranged from 15.5 to 100%. Most of the studies were conducted in areas where water fluoride levels are low or optimal (≤1.5ppmF) and in which a prevalence of 15.5 to 81.7% was observed. In areas with higher levels of naturally fluoridated water (>1.5ppmF), prevalence ranged from 92 to 100%. Fluorosis severity ranged from questionable to severe. Conclusion: High prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed even in areas where fluoride concentration in water was low or optimal. In addition to fluoride in groundwater, there are multiple risk factors that should be controlled.

Biocompatible Antimicrobial Irrigants and Nanoparticles-Sealers for Endodontics

Resumen El presente trabajo es una revision bibliografica de las tendencias actuales y futuras de los cementos selladores y de las soluciones irrigantes en relacion a su efecto bactericida, asi como del tamano de particula del que estan constituidos. Son propuestos diversos desinfectantes del conducto radicular con la intencion de garantizar la no formacion de biopeliculas. Hoy en dia los fracasos endodoncicos son mas frecuentes y representan un alto riesgo de infecciones en los pacientes mas complejos, por lo que esta llevando a la mejora continua de los productos utilizados para la limpieza y sellado intraconducto, para asegurar la eliminacion completa de los microorganismos. La nanotecnologia esta ayudando a crear nuevos materiales para aplicaciones biologicas, como biomateriales y dispositivos dentales para aplicaciones a corto o largo plazo que esten en contacto con los fluidos corporales, para los que se exige alto efecto antimicrobiano y biocompatibilidad. Existen diversos biomateriales disponibles, bajo continua investigacion ya que se ha logrado cultivar biofilm hasta en un 10 % de los pacientes con necesidad de retratamiento de conductos. Esto lleva a la mejora continua de los productos utilizados para la limpieza y sellado intraconducto que aseguren la eliminacion completa de los microorganismos.

Effects of alkaline treatment for fibroblastic adhesion on titanium

Background: The surface energy of titanium (Ti) implants is very important when determining hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, which is vital in osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to determine how Ti plates with an alkaline treatment (NaOH) affect the adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF). Materials and Methods: In vitro experimental study was carried out. Type 1 commercially pure Ti plates were analyzed with atomic force microscopy to evaluate surface roughness. The plates were treated ultrasonically with NaOH at 5 M (pH 13.7) for 45 s. HPLF previously established from periodontal tissue was inoculated on the treated Ti plates. The adhered and proliferated viable cell numbers were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method for 60 min and 24 h, respectively. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests and multiple comparisons of the Mann–Whitney U-test,P value was fixed at 0.05. Results: The mean roughness values equaled 0.04 μm with an almost flat surface and some grooves. The alkaline treatment of Ti plates caused significantly (P < 0.05) more pronounced HPLF adhesion and proliferation compared to untreated Ti plates. Conclusion: The treatment of Ti plates with NaOH enhances cell adhesion and the proliferation of HPLF cells. Clinically, the alkaline treatment of Ti-based implants could be an option to improve and accelerate osseointegration.