Javier Silvestre Rodríguez

Between the colonial heritage and the first globalization boom: on income inequality in the Southern Cone

This paper presents a first estimate of income inequality in the Southern Cone of South America (Brazil 1872 and 1920, Chile 1870 and 1920, Uruguay 1920) and some assumptions with regard to Argentina (1870 and 1920) and Uruguay (1870). We find that income distribution was relatively high on the eve of the first globalization boom. Thus, inequality is not only the result of globalization, but also a structural feature. Inequality increased between 1870 and 1920, both within individual countries and between countries. Globalization forces do not result in obvious outcomes. Rather, the effect of globalization on inequality depends on the expansion of the frontier and institutional persistence and change in old and new areas. Inequality was clearly high in the wake of the globalization process. This was a particular kind of inequality, which was part of a set of institutions closely linked to the exports of primary goods, sluggish technological change and limited human capital formation.

El grado de discriminación salarial de las mujeres en España, 1930: una primera aproximación

Many studies have shown the existence of discrimination against women during Spanish industrialization. Discrimination may have occurred in the form of pre-market discrimination, such as industrial segregation, or through wage discrimination in the labour market. The aim of this article is to estimate empirically the degree of wage discrimination. The main findings suggest that discrimination could have been high. Because of the lack of better data, the result should be considered, however, as a first attempt to quantify discrimination.

Viajes de corta distancia: una visión espacial de las migraciones interiores en España, 1877–1930

La intencion de este trabajo es analizar la distribucion espacial de las migraciones interiores en Espana durante las ultimas decadas del siglo XIX y el primer tercio del XX. Se muestra que una gran parte de los movimientos migratorios se produjeron entre origenes y destinos bastante proximos. Ademas, la distribucion espacial de la emigracion estuvo bastante alejada de una distribucion teorica o maxima en la que cada destino atrajera por igual inmigrantes de todos los origenes y cada origen expulsara por igual emigrantes hacia todos los destinos. Por ultimo, a traves de una comparacion con el patron migratorio de los anos sesenta del siglo XX, se propone que estos resultados son coherentes con el proceso de concentracion geografica y posterior dispersion del crecimiento economico y las oportunidades de empleo que se produce en la economia espanola contemporanea y cuyo punto de inflexion se encuentra en torno a mediados del siglo XX.