Jay D. Lindquist

Exploring More Than 24 Hours a Day: A Preliminary Investigation of Polychronic Time Use

The present exploratory study investigates the concept of polychronic time use through the development and preliminary testing of a proposed scale, the Polychronic Attitude Index (PAI). Polychronic time use is defined and reviewed in relation to role overload and household demographic characteristics. When a sample of consumers in New Jersey was surveyed, both the PAI and role overload were found to be related to different types of polychronic time use. Overall, this research demonstrates that the concept of polychronic time use contributes to our understanding of consumer behavior and raises questions worthy of future research. Copyright 1991 by the University of Chicago.

Time management and polychronicity

The goals of this investigation are to identify behaviors and attitudes that are predictive of an individual’s polychronic or monochronic time use, relating these findings to individuals’ time management approaches. A modified polychronic attitude indicator (PAI3) scale is used as the overall measure of monochronic/polychronic tendencies. A series of potential predictor variables from the “structure” portion of the FAST scale, items related to the time structure questionnaire, and other items based on literature synthesis and researcher judgment were used. A stepwise multiple regression analysis resulted in an eight‐predictor variable solution. It was concluded that polychronicity is related to different aspects of time management; recommendations are given for future study and for application in the workplace.

E‐shopping in a multiple channel environment

In the present study, the authors propose a segmentation schema based on patterns of e‐browsing and e‐purchasing. We examine self‐reports of browsing and purchasing using five specific non‐store channels: the Internet, television infomercials, advertising that accompanies regular television programming, television shopping channels, and print catalogs. Our findings indicate that shoppers who browse and/or purchase on the Internet differ in their use of multi‐channel options related to their perceptions of convenience. Some shoppers clearly want to purchase in the store setting and reject multiple forms of non‐store shopping. Others like to browse various non‐store media and have extended their browsing to the Internet, yet maintain their loyalty to in‐store purchases. Retailers who attempt to “convert” such shoppers to Internet‐only purchasing may alienate the shoppers who rely on the Internet solely for information.

Time congruity in the organization: A proposed quality-of-life framework

The present paper examines the importance of matching thetime styles of individuals with thetime styles established by organizations. The authors introduce the notion oftime congruity to represent such a matching process. While time use has been studied in both organizational and individual contexts, lesser attention has been given to such multi-level analysis. When the individuals self time preferences are matched to the time use methods of the organization, a fit is thought to exist, potentially leading to satisfactory performance and enhancement of quality of work and general life. A framework is proposed for identifying and exploring such congruity, leading to several research propositions. Managerial implications are developed for human resource issues and business combinations, such as joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions.

Impact of organizational and buyer characteristics on the buying center

Abstract A mail survey of 200 organizational buyers was conducted to determine if the number of individuals in the buying center or the amount of perceived self-influence varied by organizational and buyer characteristics or by the type of purchase decision. The results of the study indicate that the type and size of the firm, as well as the buyers educational level, affect both the number of individuals in the buying center and the amount of perceived self-influence of the organizational buyer. The results further indicate that the size of the buying center increases and the amount of perceived self-influence decreases as the purchase decision becomes more complex.

Polychronic tendency analysis: a new approach to understanding women's shopping behaviors

Consumer researchers have long known that some shoppers prefer to combine errands on their shopping trips, while others tend to focus on one errand at a time. However, there was no published evidence that similar behaviors occur within a specific shopping situation. Proposes that polychronic tendency analysis (PTA) can provide insights that explain such behaviors. Self‐reports were used to examine adult womens general polychronic tendency and to contrast this with reported polychronic tendencies when shopping for groceries and shopping for clothing to be worn at work. Three strong‐fitting, theoretically sound constructs consisting of multiple simultaneous activity and activity‐changing items were constructed using a structural equation modeling approach. The general, grocery shopping, and clothing shopping models differed from one another. This showed that women have different time use tendencies in different shopping situations. Also demonstrates how situation‐specific survey instruments and the resulta...

Buyers differ in evaluating suppliers

Abstract This article discusses the industrial buyers vendor evaluation in light of past vendor performance. A conjoint analysis approach was used to determine the relative importance of factors and the levels of performance. This evaluation indicated that industrial buyers can be classified into classical decision model categories.

Understanding the Experience of Time Scarcity Linking Consumer Time-Personality and Marketplace Behavior

In this study we examine the concept of time scarcity in relation to individuals’ time-personalities. That is, we propose that when individuals experience high levels of time scarcity, they are likely to have certain ways of thinking about and using time that may reinforce their experience of time shortage. In order to examine these potential linkages, we examine the responses of adult heads of households regarding their habitual methods of planning and using their time. We also extend our investigation to the consumer realm to identify whether time-personality variables associated with time scarcity are also associated with marketplace inefficiencies. Following precedent in time construct analysis, a stepwise regression was used to examine and identify a set of time-personality variables that predict an individual’s perceptions of time scarcity. Correlations are also found between the time-personality variables and several marketplace behaviors.

Retailing Management research and theory development: Surpluses and shortfalls

This article contains a summary of retailing management research and theory development activity for the peroid 1974 through early 1984. The sources used for the survey were five leading marketing journals. Shortages and surpluses are identified and the authors suggest activity directions for the future.

What is Time: An Empirical Exploratory Investigation

This paper is concerned with definitions of tine found in the literature, then classified into tine orientation, processing, commitment, and use. A verification was then carried out in the form of an exploratory study of written definitions of tine and focus group discussions of tine by 89 participants (10 groups). The groups studied were: male students, female students, homemakers (female), career oriented men, career oriented women with children, career oriented women without children, employed women, formerly employed women, formerly employed men, formerly employed managerial/professional men. Results and implications are presented.