Jean-Bernard Cazalaà

Benzodiazepine anethesia in humans modulates the interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 responses of blood monocytes

Abstract The influence of sedative and anxiolytic benzodiazepines on human monocyte function was assessed in 11 patients undergoing anesthesia prior to control endoscopy of the urinary tract. A single i.v. injection of 0.08 mg/kg midazolam induced a marked and delayed inhibition of the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 by monocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Corticosteroids were not responsible for the observed immunosuppression. These studies demonstrate that, when administered in man, benzodiazepines markedly alter the capacity of monocytes to synthetize major mediators of the host inflammatory response.

Aspects of the Development of Anesthesia in France

The first trial of ether in France antedated use of the agent in England. During the next few years, France’s Academie des Sciences examined the claims for the discovery of anesthesia, finally according it jointly to Morton and Jackson. By 1848, chloroform displaced ether despite inexplicable fatalities associated with its use. In 1908, ether spectacularly returned with the introduction of the Ombredanne inhaler, remaining popular in France to the 1960s. As World War II began, doctors, pharmacists, dentists and medical orderlies might be briefly trained in anesthesia. Surgeons directed anesthesia, and article 45 of the 1947 code of practice gave the “surgeon…the right to choose his operating assistants as well as the anaesthestist.” Students completing a 6-week course, supervised by surgeons or physicians and supplemented by a 6-month hospital assignment, received a “Certificate of Anaesthesia”. The institution of examinations in 1948 led to the award of the Diplome d’Anesthesie-Reanimation (Diploma in Anesthesia and post-operative care)

The Henry and Jouvelet Transfusion Apparatus 1934

in this study. Others have reviewed professionalism issues related to computer and social media use.12,13 In summary, anesthesia providers spent sizable portions of case time performing non–record-keeping applications on AIMS workstations. This use, however, was not independently associated with greater hemodynamic variability or aberrancies in patients during maintenance of general anesthesia for predominantly general surgical and gynecologic procedures. Future work may further investigate the clinical impact of computer workstation (or other electronic device) usage, or address the appropriateness of non–record-keeping activities in an analysis of the professionalism of anesthesia care teams during patient-care activities.

Radium and thorium applications for the general public: unexpected consequences of the discovery from Pierre and Marie Curie.

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Epidural Anesthesia at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital From Fernand Cathelin (1901) to Jeanne Seebacher (1974)

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