Jean-Christophe Egea

Le facteur de croissance épidermique : un gardien potentiel de la santé oro-digestive

Resume L’integrite des muqueuses orales et digestives est sous la dependance d’une multitude de facteurs et constituants salivaires, parmi lesquels, le facteur de croissance epidermique (EGF) tient une place particuliere et controversee suivant le niveau de ses implications dans les processus physiopathologiques. Tantot indicateur, tantot stimulateur ou modulateur sur la sante orodigestive, l’EGF apparait aussi comme marqueur clinique dans les affections inflammatoires et neoplasiques. En tant que facteur de croissance cellulaire, il serait un agent protecteur des muqueuses digestives par la stimulation de la synthese de mucus et l’inhibition de la secretion gastrique. Implique egalement dans les processus de cicatrisation, dont il potentialise les capacites, l’EGF conditionnerait les sujets a une plus ou moins grande sensibilite aux agressions inflammatoires. Sa place strategique, au carrefour des pathologies aussi diverses que l’ulcere gastrique et les processus tumoraux, ouvre des perspectives de recherche sur ses reelles capacites de reparateur ou de pronostic.

Oral Health Risk Factor: Dental Traumatology in Sport

Traumatic dental and maxillofacial injuries are an everyday reality. Globally, 20–30% of permanent dentition is affected, with sporting activity for children and young adolescents being the main culprit. With an increasing popularity of organised sporting events for youths, dental and facial injuries have become regular occurrences. Numerous factors predispose certain athletes to orofacial sports-related traumatology. These include the type of physical exertion required, the probability of contact or not, oral physiology, behavioural tendancies during play and level of participation. Preventative measures in dentistry are indispensable to avoid potentially serious consequences.

The Spread of Oral Infections and Athletic Performance

The relationship between oral infections and their nefast effects elsewhere in the human body has attracted much attention over the years, particularly in periodontal dentistry. With regard to sport, injuries including Achilles tendinitis, a form of tendinosis, and myalgia have been associated to such pathogen propagation. Deposition of immunocomplexes, toxins and micro-organisms in poorly vascularised zones such as injured Achilles tendons exacerbates existing inflammation, inhibiting the healing process. Injuries become chronic and longer periods of recuperation are required, affecting an athlete’s training and subsequent performances.

The Dry Mouth Syndrome of Athletes

The majority of athletes, whatever the sport, complain of xerostomia, also known as ‘dry mouth syndrome’. The physiological explanation lies in the decrease or even interruption of saliva secretion in the oral cavity during athletic effort. It is linked to stress, thermogenesis (heat formation) and buccal respiration. Specific oral consequences include cervical caries, periodontal disease and opportunistic infections. Prevention of lesions associated to dry mouth syndrome includes hydration during effort, dental hygiene and supervision of eating habits and medication taken.

The Influence of Physical Effort on the Manducator System: Synkinesis

The influence of the manducator system on athletic performance is an interesting current issue. Less conspicuous, however, is how physical effort and the locomotor system influence elements of the oral sphere. The concept is inversed. Human dynamics associated to sporting gestures can induce a phenomenon known as synkinesis. Synkinesis of oral constituents is particularly noticeable during impact – in racquet and ball games, either at the moment of ball contact or indeed with fellow players and, equally, during the latter stages of endurance events when an athlete tires.

Oral Health Risk Factor: Nutrition of Athletes

The first major risk to oral health is an athlete’s diet. This is somewhat surprising, given the attention placed upon nutrition for peak performance. In order to understand potential oral health consequences linked to athletes’ eating habits, we must be aware of their energy demands, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to improve performance. Athletes have much higher energy requirements than the general population and also require a higher proportion of certain nutrients potentially hazardous to oral health if consumed to excess. Indeed, popular sports supplements are often rich in carbohydrates and acidic fruit extracts. The frequent ingestion of these nutrients during physical exertion potentialises the risk of hard dental tissue lesions, notably dental caries and erosion development.

General Principles: Caring for the Athletic Patient in Sports Dentistry

Successful management and care of athletic patients requires a symbiosis of several notions. Of utmost importance is the multidisciplinary approach amongst health professionals. Collaboration between a range of actors ensures a correlation of all aspects of an athlete’s health. In dental practice, the practitioner must create a reciprocal relation of trust with his patient; he must listen, understand and empathise with their needs.

The Evolution of Sport in Society

Sport is everywhere. Whether as a participant or a spectator, people of different ages, socio-economic standing, cultures and countries are involved in sport. Sport has become an influential financial industry, a favourite recreational pastime and an essential element of good health. But how did such an important element of modern society evolve?

Specifics of Physical Sports and Athletes: Different Types of Athletic Patients

Sport improves the physiological and psychological wellbeing of participants. It also promotes social and cultural cohesion and is characterised by an element of competition, regardless of the level of play.

Sport and Oral Health

Sport and oral health , Sport and oral health , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی