Jean-Nicolas Renaud

Les plaisirs nautiques au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles: les mises en scène sportives organiséessur le Léman (Suisse) et sur le Doubs(France)

Résumé Au tournant des xixe et xxe siècles, les fêtes nautiques sont, pour les sociétaires, l’occasion d’une exubérance fondée sur l’exaltation des sens les plus variés. Sur les rives du Léman et du Doubs, les animations offertes par les cercles nautiques suisses et français remportent de vifs succès. Ces mises en scène culturelles et sportives modifient alors le spectateur par les émotions qu’elles suscitent. Elles autoriseraient d’autant plus l’embrasement des passions qu’elles s’inscrivent dans un cadre social garant de leur maîtrise.

Exercise in French Physical Education Teaching Since 1945. A Civilising Intellectualisation as the Consequence of Sport and School Standardisation

In France, since the Second World War, physical and sports education (PSE) methods have seen considerable renewal. However; the word “exercise” has remained in the professional vocabulary. This permanence inevitably raises questions about the conditions under which the term is used. The mutations undergone by this basic unit of the students physical activity reflect the profound changes that have occurred in the discipline. Desiring to give greater coherence to their teaching and thus work towards greater school legitimacy, French PSE teachers have progressively developed a more and more complex argument. This argument has permitted them to rationally link the body movements that have to be performed with the aims that can thus be achieved, in a dynamic which bears the imprint of the “civilising process”. This study is a historical analysis of a particular element in the teacher-student relationship: exercise. Hexagonal physical education, through its incorporation of norms, makes it possible to fully understand the educational concepts of the moment and their evolution throughout the second half of the 20th century. Although often neglected in university research, the notion of exercise nonetheless represents a remarkable indicator of a society’s educational approach.

La mode du ping-pong en France en 1902: une autre façon de questionner les classiques transferts culturels dans le domaine du sport

ABSTRACT This study offers to follow the path of a parlour game and allows to seize the cultural transfers of this physical practise and to measure the part of the ambient anglomania in its reconfiguration in France at the beginning of the twentieth century. The ping-pong become a fashion within the French high society in 1902. By joining the bourgeois codes, this parlour game contributes to the perpetuation of the uses of this select population far from the effort of English sport. This fashion seduces because it’s not only perpetuation of the social conventions of elites. It’s also built on the idea of emancipation which the impossible meets between men and women symbolise. Fashion is surprisingly fed with paradox.

Rahan: A hero at the service of physical and moral education

In the field of comics, Rahan represents a sort of ordinary hero whose relationship with his body is an important part of the humanistic message that he conveys. His physical abilities bring him close to his readers and ultimately to everybody. By means of his physical education and teaching attitude, the hero serves as both an educational and a moral model: through the learning of swimming, life-saving techniques, and navigation, he escapes from dangerous situations, and opposes conflicts between different tribes and the traditions imposed by the tribe’s wizard. His altruism and innovative approach make him an exceptional hero for the primitive era. In fact, the movement with which the artist – André Chéret – endows his hero echoes the sport techniques of 1970 – 1980, thus favoring the reader’s identification process.