Jean-Pierre Boissin

Students and Entrepreneurship: A comparative study France - United States

Abstract This research paper analyzes the differences in sensibility regarding the creation of enterprises among French and American students. The research measures not only students’ intentions to start up an enterprise but also their attitudes toward the creation of an enterprise, their perceptions of social norms and their feelings of being able to manage the entrepreneurial process. The research compares their beliefs in order to identify differences and similarities. The paper analyzes the professional values of students (i.e. the professional characteristics which they value), their vision of entrepreneurship (the needs they think will be satisfied by entrepreneurship), and their degree of confidence in their capabilities to properly manage tasks deemed critical to starting a new business via the entrepreneurial process. Descriptive and data analyses are run on the results of a questionnaire administrated to 272 American students enrolled in marketing and management classes at the Coles College of Business at Kennesaw State University (GA) and 340 French students, studying economics and management at the Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble 2). The results show that the intention to start up a company is stronger in the US than in France, and show important differences in beliefs. Taking into consideration the whole sample, first we have control beliefs, and then, behavioral beliefs, which explain students’ entrepreneurship intentions. We thus characterize three clusters of students with homogeneous entrepreneurship behaviors. Because nationality clearly comes to light, we pursue the analyses separately for each country and we describe, in this way, three typical behaviors for each.

Is international entrepreneurship a field? A bibliometric analysis of the literature (1989–2015)

The abundant academic literature on international entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of many researchers in various fields (international business, entrepreneurship, management, marketing, to mention a few). A debate has been opened on whether international entrepreneurship is indeed a field. In this article, we seek to contribute to this debate. We applied a bibliometric analysis to 567 articles on international entrepreneurship published during the 1989–February 2015 period. The main indices that this is an emerging field are as follows: a concentration of publications on central contributors and universities, key dates of social events, the creation of a journal dedicated to the topic and a strong identity of keywords. A co-citation analysis shows that the international entrepreneurship field is structured on a stable body of references, organised into five key clusters, distinct from its mother disciplines: international business and entrepreneurship. Our work helps to identify the paradigmatic approaches that structure international entrepreneurship.RésuméL’abondante littérature académique en entrepreneuriat international a suscité l’intérêt de nombreux chercheurs de différents champs (management international, entrepreneuriat, management, marketing, entre autres). Il existe un débat autour de l’existence du champ de l’entrepreneuriat international. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à contribuer à ce débat. Nous avons appliqué une analyse bibliométrique à 567 articles portant sur l’entrepreneuriat international publiés entre 1989 et février 2015. Les principaux indices montrant qu’il s’agit bien d’un champ sont les suivants: une concentration des publications autour de contributeurs et universités centraux, des dates clés d’événements sociaux, la création de revues dédiées au thème et une forte identité des mots-clés. Une analyse de co-citations montre que le champ de l’entrepreneuriat international est structuré avec un corpus de références stable organisé autour de 5 clusters principaux, distincts de leurs disciplines mères : le management international et l’entrepreneuriat. Notre travail aide à identifier les approches paradigmatiques qui structurent l’entrepreneuriat international.ResumenLa abundante literatura académica en emprendimiento internacional llamó la atención de numerosos investigadores de diversos campos (negocios internacionales, emprendimiento, gestión, mercadeo, entre otros). Un debate existe acerca de si el emprendimiento internacional es un campo o no. Con este artículo, buscamos contribuir a este debate. Hemos realizado un análisis bibliométrico a 567 artículos sobre emprendimiento internacional publicados entre 1989 y febrero de 2015. Los principales indicios de que se trata de un campo son: una concentración en publicaciones alrededor de contribuidores y universidades centrales, fechas claves de eventos sociales, la creación de revistas dedicadas al tema y una fuerte identidad alrededor de palabras claves. Un análisis de co-citaciones muestra que el campo del emprendimiento internacional está estructurado con un corpus de referencias estables organizado alrededor de 5 clústers principales, distintos de sus disciplinas madres: negocios internacionales y emprendimiento. Nuestro trabajo ayuda a identificar las aproximaicones paradigmáticas que estructuran el emprendimiento internacional.

Motivations and Drawbacks Concerning Entrepreneurial Action – A Study of French PhD Students

The first part details the theoretical and practical aspects of the work carried out. There follows a description of the methods used, an analysis of the results obtained and a discussion of potential future action to be taken concerning students.

Structuration de la pensée scientifique en logistique : une étude bibliométrique des cinq premières RIRL (1995-2004)

L’objet de cet article est de présenter les résultats d’une étude bibliométrique des cinq premières RIRL (Rencontres Internationales de la Recherche en Logistique). A partir des objectifs énoncés lors de la création de ces rencontres, il s’agit, plus précisément, d’étudier la place et le rôle des RIRL dans l’émergence d’une communauté de recherche. L’étude des bibliographies et des cocitations en particulier, permet de faire apparaître des liens entre auteurs qui représentent potentiellement des courants de recherche différents. Cette recherche permet également d’établir un état des lieux des thématiques de recherche, qu’elles soient traditionnelles ou émergentes et, ainsi, d’apprécier le dynamisme et la vitalité de cette discipline.

ORIENTAÇÃO EMPREENDEDORA: REVISITANDO CONCEITOS E APROXIMANDO COM A INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES

EnglishThis article discusses the entrepreneurial orientation in organizations as a factor for better performance in the local as well as global, ending with aspects of their relationship with the internationalization of organizations. Entrepreneurship is one of the important areas of study when it comes to development. Schumpeter (1982) defined the entrepreneur as one who destroys the existing economic order by introducing innovation and is responsible for generating wealth and development. Applying the concept of entrepreneurship to the organization, there is the entrepreneurial orientation (LUMPKIN; DESS, 1996): the entrepreneurial process, entrepreneurship at the organizational level. The entrepreneurial orientation can positively influence the performance of an organization (MILLER, 1983; COVIN; SLEVIN, 1991; ZAHRA, 1993), it is also positively associated with the growth of the organization (ZAHRA; COVIN, 1995 and WIKLUND, 1999). Zahra and Garver (2000) also reported that the entrepreneurial orientation enhances the relationship between the internationalization of the organization and growth in established organizations. portuguesEste artigo aborda a orientacao empreendedora em organizacoes como fator de melhor desempenho organizacional tanto no mercado local como no global, finalizando com aspectos de sua relacao com a internacionalizacao das organizacoes. O empreendedorismo e uma das importantes areas de estudo quando se trata de desenvolvimento. Schumpeter (1982) definiu o empreendedor como aquele que destroi a ordem economica existente pela introducao da inovacao, sendo responsavel pela geracao de riqueza e o desenvolvimento. Aplicando o conceito de empreendedorismo a organizacao, surge a orientacao empreendedora (LUMPKIN e DESS, 1996): o processo empreendedor, o empreendedorismo no nivel organizacional. A orientacao empreendedora pode influenciar positivamente a performance de uma organizacao (MILLER, 1983; COVIN e SLEVIN, 1991; ZAHRA, 1993), como tambem e positivamente associada com o crescimento da organizacao (ZAHRA e COVIN, 1995 e WIKLUND, 1999). Zahra e Garvis (2000) tambem apontam que a orientacao empreendedora aumenta a relacao entre a internacionalizacao da organizacao e o crescimento em organizacoes estabelecidas.

Is Entrepreneurial Internationalization a field? A bibliometric analysis (1989-2015)

The abundant academic literature on international entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of many researchers in various fields (international business, entrepreneurship, management, marketing, to mention a few). A debate has been opened on whether international entrepreneurship is indeed a field. In this article, we seek to contribute to this debate. We applied a bibliometric analysis to 567 articles on international entrepreneurship published during the 1989–February 2015 period. The main indices that this is an emerging field are as follows: a concentration of publications on central contributors and universities, key dates of social events, the creation of a journal dedicated to the topic and a strong identity of keywords. A co-citation analysis shows that the international entrepreneurship field is structured on a stable body of references, organised into five key clusters, distinct from its mother disciplines: international business and entrepreneurship. Our work helps to identify the paradigmatic approaches that structure international entrepreneurship.RésuméL’abondante littérature académique en entrepreneuriat international a suscité l’intérêt de nombreux chercheurs de différents champs (management international, entrepreneuriat, management, marketing, entre autres). Il existe un débat autour de l’existence du champ de l’entrepreneuriat international. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à contribuer à ce débat. Nous avons appliqué une analyse bibliométrique à 567 articles portant sur l’entrepreneuriat international publiés entre 1989 et février 2015. Les principaux indices montrant qu’il s’agit bien d’un champ sont les suivants: une concentration des publications autour de contributeurs et universités centraux, des dates clés d’événements sociaux, la création de revues dédiées au thème et une forte identité des mots-clés. Une analyse de co-citations montre que le champ de l’entrepreneuriat international est structuré avec un corpus de références stable organisé autour de 5 clusters principaux, distincts de leurs disciplines mères : le management international et l’entrepreneuriat. Notre travail aide à identifier les approches paradigmatiques qui structurent l’entrepreneuriat international.ResumenLa abundante literatura académica en emprendimiento internacional llamó la atención de numerosos investigadores de diversos campos (negocios internacionales, emprendimiento, gestión, mercadeo, entre otros). Un debate existe acerca de si el emprendimiento internacional es un campo o no. Con este artículo, buscamos contribuir a este debate. Hemos realizado un análisis bibliométrico a 567 artículos sobre emprendimiento internacional publicados entre 1989 y febrero de 2015. Los principales indicios de que se trata de un campo son: una concentración en publicaciones alrededor de contribuidores y universidades centrales, fechas claves de eventos sociales, la creación de revistas dedicadas al tema y una fuerte identidad alrededor de palabras claves. Un análisis de co-citaciones muestra que el campo del emprendimiento internacional está estructurado con un corpus de referencias estables organizado alrededor de 5 clústers principales, distintos de sus disciplinas madres: negocios internacionales y emprendimiento. Nuestro trabajo ayuda a identificar las aproximaicones paradigmáticas que estructuran el emprendimiento internacional.

Is international entrepreneurship a field? A bibliometric analysis of the literature (1989–2015)@@@L’entrepreneuriat international est-il un champ? Une analyse bibliométrique de la littérature (1989–2015)@@@¿Es el emprendimiento internacional un campo? Un análisis bibliométrico de la literatura (1989–2015)

The abundant academic literature on international entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of many researchers in various fields (international business, entrepreneurship, management, marketing, to mention a few). A debate has been opened on whether international entrepreneurship is indeed a field. In this article, we seek to contribute to this debate. We applied a bibliometric analysis to 567 articles on international entrepreneurship published during the 1989–February 2015 period. The main indices that this is an emerging field are as follows: a concentration of publications on central contributors and universities, key dates of social events, the creation of a journal dedicated to the topic and a strong identity of keywords. A co-citation analysis shows that the international entrepreneurship field is structured on a stable body of references, organised into five key clusters, distinct from its mother disciplines: international business and entrepreneurship. Our work helps to identify the paradigmatic approaches that structure international entrepreneurship.RésuméL’abondante littérature académique en entrepreneuriat international a suscité l’intérêt de nombreux chercheurs de différents champs (management international, entrepreneuriat, management, marketing, entre autres). Il existe un débat autour de l’existence du champ de l’entrepreneuriat international. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à contribuer à ce débat. Nous avons appliqué une analyse bibliométrique à 567 articles portant sur l’entrepreneuriat international publiés entre 1989 et février 2015. Les principaux indices montrant qu’il s’agit bien d’un champ sont les suivants: une concentration des publications autour de contributeurs et universités centraux, des dates clés d’événements sociaux, la création de revues dédiées au thème et une forte identité des mots-clés. Une analyse de co-citations montre que le champ de l’entrepreneuriat international est structuré avec un corpus de références stable organisé autour de 5 clusters principaux, distincts de leurs disciplines mères : le management international et l’entrepreneuriat. Notre travail aide à identifier les approches paradigmatiques qui structurent l’entrepreneuriat international.ResumenLa abundante literatura académica en emprendimiento internacional llamó la atención de numerosos investigadores de diversos campos (negocios internacionales, emprendimiento, gestión, mercadeo, entre otros). Un debate existe acerca de si el emprendimiento internacional es un campo o no. Con este artículo, buscamos contribuir a este debate. Hemos realizado un análisis bibliométrico a 567 artículos sobre emprendimiento internacional publicados entre 1989 y febrero de 2015. Los principales indicios de que se trata de un campo son: una concentración en publicaciones alrededor de contribuidores y universidades centrales, fechas claves de eventos sociales, la creación de revistas dedicadas al tema y una fuerte identidad alrededor de palabras claves. Un análisis de co-citaciones muestra que el campo del emprendimiento internacional está estructurado con un corpus de referencias estables organizado alrededor de 5 clústers principales, distintos de sus disciplinas madres: negocios internacionales y emprendimiento. Nuestro trabajo ayuda a identificar las aproximaicones paradigmáticas que estructuran el emprendimiento internacional.

Autonomia em Empresas de Software do Rio Grande do Sul: Estudo Baseado na Opinião dos Dirigentes

O objetivo deste artigo e consolidar um conjunto de elementos que caracterizam a autonomia em empresas de software, a partir da literatura e da pratica organizacional. E adotado o conceito de Autonomia no contexto de empreendedorismo, sendo considerada uma das dimensoes da orientacao empreendedora de uma organizacao. A seguinte pergunta norteou a realizacao deste estudo: que elementos caracterizam a Autonomia em empresas de software empreendedoras? Para responde-la, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza exploratoria e qualitativa por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com o principal dirigente de 13 empresas consideradas referencia em empreendedorismo no setor de software no RS. O roteiro para coleta de dados foi orientado pela base conceitual adotada no estudo, constituida de categorias e elementos da autonomia, consolidados a partir da literatura. Os resultados do estudo retratam como a Autonomia repercute nas empresas no que se refere a Equipe, Centralizacao, Intraempreendedorismo e Acao independente, apresentando praticas gerenciais que a evidenciam. O estudo conclui com a consolidacao de um conjunto de elementos que caracterizam a Autonomia nas empresas pesquisadas, enriquecido com um novo elemento decorrente da pesquisa: Praticas estabelecidas para desenvolvimento do comportamento empreendedor.