Jean-Pierre Campagne

A framework to analyse collaborative performance

When competitiveness, responsiveness and customer satisfaction are keywords of a successful management in a business area, companies cannot work in an autonomous way anymore. They have to get closer to their supply chain partners and to optimize their relations, to interface and to integrate their information systems and decision-making in order to synchronize product flows and activities. In this context, the general framework proposed in this paper characterizes the performance of the collaboration in supply chains and it is based on two models: a collaboration characterization model and a collaboration-oriented performance model, both based on main supply chain business processes. The framework proposed has been instanced and validated on an industrial case study.

The role of APS systems in Supply Chain Management: a theoretical and industrial analysis

Companies are engaged in developing integrated and worldwide information system. Therefore, ERP have been largely introduced and more recently, APS emerge for the supply chain planning function. This paper presents an analysis of the contribution of APS to Supply Chain Management. Do APS cover the whole supply chain and enable the integration of its activities? Are companies mature enough to exploit both vertical and horizontal integration? Based on academic works and industrial interviews, our findings reveal a good integration of supply chain activities, even if we notice a relatively partial use of APS, mainly for the upstream supply chain.

Inventory management subject to multiplicative inaccuracies

The standard literature on inventory modelling is rarely differentiating between the inventory records and the physical inventory. In the recent years, some empirical studies highlighted that errors and inventory perturbations may occur in the inventory system. Such errors result in a gap between what the informational system (IS) shows and what is actually available for sales and used to satisfy the demand. The impact of such errors is particularly important in a wholesaling/e-retailing context where customer’ demands are remotely satisfied based on the inventory records shown in the IS. These errors could be modelled by an additive or multiplicative structure depending on the link between the error variability and the ordered quantity. The aim of the paper is to extend the existing literature by developing an inventory framework that permits the analysis and the performance improvement of an inventory system subject to a multiplicative errors setting. The multiplicative and stochastic settings also known as the stochastically proportional modelling of errors is not well developed in the literature despite the fact that such an assumption bears considerable association with reality. We provide comprehensive analytical and numerical studies and we also complete our contribution by a comparison between the additive and the multiplicative error settings where we derive interesting managerial insights about the impact of wrongly modelling errors. We also focus on the benefit of applying our results compared with the case where errors are ignored or not known.

Decentralised decision-making with information sharing vs. centralised decision-making in supply chains

In recent years, implementing coordination mechanisms in decentralised supply chains to reduce the well-known negative effects of decentralisation, such as the ‘bullwhip effect’, has become a considerable challenge. Furthermore, with the dramatic developments in information and communication technologies, real-time information sharing has become increasingly easier to implement. In this work, we study a mono-product divergent supply chain composed of a supplier, a warehouse, retailers and customers in the context of decentralised and centralised decisions. The main objective of this study is to compare a decentralised supply chain combined with different scenarios of simultaneous upstream and downstream information sharing vs. a centralised supply chain. A mathematical model is developed to compare the logistics costs in the two decision contexts. The experimental results clearly show that the simultaneous sharing of customer demand and supplier-warehouse lead time information in a decentralised supply chain yields nearly equivalent logistics costs as the centralised supply chain context. However, the main beneficiary of the sharing is the warehouse, which receives approximately two-thirds of the benefit. Thus, incentives and revenue sharing contracts should be implemented to motivate and balance the benefits between supply chain partners.

Assessing the value of information sharing and its impact on the performance of the various partners in supply chains

We study the influence of sharing perturbed information on a serial supply chain.We evaluate the gains of sharing different types of information for each partner.We estimate the cumulative impact of simultaneously sharing different information.The gains are not cumulative when we simultaneously share different information.Incentive cooperation mechanisms should be established between partners. With major developments in information and communication technologies, real-time information sharing becomes a significant challenge and has a considerable impact on the overall performance of supply chains. Here, we study the influence of information sharing for a monoproduct serial supply chain consisting of a supplier, warehouse, retailer and customers in the context of a decentralized decision. The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to estimate the gains from sharing different types of information on each elementary cost and for each partner of the supply chain in detail and (2) to determine the cumulative impact of simultaneously sharing different types of information.A mathematical model is developed to assess the value of information sharing in terms of logistic costs and for different combinations related to the sharing or non-sharing of three types of upstream and downstream information: the customer demand and the supplier-warehouse and warehouse-retailer lead times. A perturbation is also injected to consider the intended or unintended distortion in the communicated information.Our study clearly showed that the gains are not cumulative when we simultaneously share different types of information. The results also highlighted the necessity to establish incentive cooperation mechanisms between the different links in the supply chain in many scenarios where the gains are not balanced. A distortion in the communicated information can also have a significant effect on the gains from sharing.

The trans-shipment problem in a two-echelon, multi-location inventory system with lost sales

In this paper, we address a two-echelon, multi-location pooling inventory system that consists of an outside supplier, a warehouse and two retailers. To control their inventories, both warehouse and retailers use (R, s, S) policy. The retailers face stochastic customer demands for a single product and the warehouse receives only the replenishment orders of retailers. In case of stock-out at retailers, emergency trans-shipments are used to satisfy the unmet demand at one retailer with the surplus from the other retailer. When the stock is insufficient at the warehouse, we propose two rationing policies to allocate on-hand stock between retailers. The demand that cannot be satisfied neither by stock on-hand nor by trans-shipment from retailers is considered lost. Our work has two objectives. First, we propose an inventory model based on three components: the optimisation inventory model, the trans-shipment policy and the rationing policies for determining the best values of (s, S) at each location that minimise total system cost. Second, we validate this model via an empirical simulation study that allows us to identify the influential parameters on trans-shipment benefits.

Cyclic production for cyclic deliveries

Nowadays, companies frequently work with their customers in contract-order with fixed and cyclic delivery dates. The exact delivery quantities are usually known only a few days before the delivery. This kind of contract is found very frequently, especially in the big distribution and the automotive sectors. The utilisation of classical methods of production management does not seem efficient enough to face this kind of demand. This paper presents a methodological framework for the implementation of cyclic production modes. We consider a factory which produces n items in a facility and which is confronted with a cyclic demand: each item is ordered relative to a cyclic delivery schedule with a mean quantity for each delivery. We propose, on a medium-term level, a set of methods (optimal and heuristic) to build cyclic production schedules. Then we compare these methods and specify how and when they can be used. Finally, a more general use of these methods and the possible extensions are discussed.

Production planning and scheduling in the context of cyclic delivery schedules

Abstract This paper considers a factory which produce n items on a single facility and which is confronted to a cyclic demand: each item is ordered relatively to a cyclic delivery schedule with a mean quantity for each delivery. This kind of « contract-order a is found very frequently, especially in the big distribution and the automotive sectors. So, the long-term information becomes the due date and the exact quantity that will be delivered is only known in the short term. This work aims at defining a new production management model and especially determining cyclic production schedules in this context. The proposed approaches are based on generating, evaluating and selecting the best production sequences and phases.

A Simulation Model for Evaluation of the effect of Leadtime Information Sharing in a Distribution Network

In this study, we present a simulation model in order to study the effects of information sharing in a distribution networks containing several retailers. Two different systems have been considered; centralized and decentralized systems. Random demands accurate at retailer level and they have an identically distribution. Random leadtime between depot and suppliers is modeled as a Markov process. This model investigates the effects of leadtime information sharing by a simulation approach. Some example, presented in the last part of this paper, show the benefit of information sharing

Centralized replenishment policy for deteriorating items in a three echelon supply chain under stochastic lead time

Abstract One of the significant problems faced in inventory management is how to control and maintain the inventories of deteriorating items. Most of studies developed in this field, assumed supply lead time is fixed while that is hard to be exactly determined in the majority procurement systems. Also, most of integration inventory models for supply chains with a deterioration item have been developed for two-echelon supply chains. In this paper, in order to fill these gaps, we focus on optimally determining replenishment policy for deteriorating items among all the partners in a three echelon supply chain with stochastic supply lead time for the buyer. For modeling the deterioration process, a nonlinear holding cost function is considered. Then numerical examples are solved and sensitivity analysis is done to distinguish the situations which are more cost-effective for centralized decision making and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model.