Jean Victor Savian

Faecal index to estimate intake and digestibility in grazing sheep

SUMMARY The current research was carried out to evaluate the use of crude protein and fibre components in faeces for estimating intake and digestibility in sheep fed with pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). The equations were developed from four trials in metabolism cages with 16 sheep in each trial. Eachanimal received a different quantityof millet leaves in the diet: 0·015, 0·020 and 0·025 dry matter (DM) as a proportion of liveweight (LW) and ad libitum with at least 0·2 of daily feed refusals. Organic matter intake (OMI, g/day) was measured, through the difference between offer and refusals; total faeces were collected for 5 days, which was used to determine faecal crude protein (CPf, g/day and g/kg of organic matter (OM)), faecal neutral detergent fibre (NDFf, g/day and g/kg OM), faecal acid detergent fibre (ADFf, g/day and g/kg OM) and OM digestibility (OMD). Linear regression equations were calculated to determine the relationship between OMI and CPf (P<0·001, R 2 =0·90, relative prediction error (RPE=14·02%). A multiple linear equation was generated for OMI including CPf and NDFf (P<0·001, R 2 =0·94; RPE=9·25%). Hyperbolic (single and multiple) and exponential models were tested to estimate OMD, where the hyperbolic multiple model including CPf and NDFf showed lower RPE (3·90%). These equationsforestimatingOMIandOMDwereevaluatedonsheepgrazingP.americanumfertilized withincreasing levels of nitrogen (N) (50, 100, 200 and 400 kg N/ha), comparing measured and estimated OMI. The intake estimated by multiple regression (CP and NDFf) showed a higher R 2 (0·98) and lower RPE (5·25%) than the simple (CPf only) linear equation (R 2 =0·94; RPE=20·45%). The results demonstrated the feasibility of using the faecal index generated in metabolism cages for estimating intake and digestibility in sheep grazing P. americanum.

Urinary creatinine as a nutritional and urinary volume marker in sheep fed with tropical or temperate forages

To test the accuracy of creatinine as a marker for estimating urinary volume and its use as a nutritional index, the possible interference of forage intake and forage quality over creatinine excretion was evaluated. For this, sheep were fed different levels of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum(L) Leeke) or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). The experiment consisted of a compilation of digestibility trials (n=6) with pearl millet or Italian ryegrass in completely randomized designs with four replications and four forage levels: 1.5, 2.0, 2.5% (kg dry matter (DM)/ 100 kg of live weight (LW)). The trials were repeated at different periods to evaluate how stable the average metabolic excretion of creatinine is. In each trial, total urine collection was performed individually during a period of 24 hours for five consecutive days and subsequently analyzed by colorimetry for creatinine and purine derivatives. The creatinine excretion was not affected (P>0.05) by forage offer or forage type, but there were period effects (P=0.0001). The average creatinine excretion for both forages was 0.21mmol/kg PV0,75. Linear regressions between the purine derivatives:creatinine index with total excretion of purine derivatives were detected for pearl millet (P<0.0001, R2= 0.64) and Italian ryegrass (P=0.02, R2=0.20). These results demonstrate that creatinine excretion is independent of the type and availability of forage and can be a marker for urinary volume prediction and nutritional measures under grazing systems.

Perfilhamento em pastagens de azevém em sucessão a soja ou milho, sob diferentes métodos e intensidades de pastejo

The objective of this work was to evaluate tiller density, herbage mass, pattern of tiller population, and sward stability index in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pastures established after soybean or corn, subjected to different stocking methods and grazing intensities by sheep. Rotational or continuous stockings were evaluated under moderate (forage allowance equivalent to 2.5 times the potential consumption of lambs) and low grazing intensities (equivalent to 5.0 times). It was used a completely randomized block design, with a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement with four replicates. Evaluations were done monthly, between August and October 2010, during the pasture period. The tiller population density differed significantly with stocking methods and grazing intensities and was higher in the area previously cultivated with soybean, in the evaluation performed in August. The highest herbage masses were observed in pastures established after soybean at low‑grazing intensity, whereas the lowest were observed in pastures established after corn with moderate grazing intensity. During the reproductive period, tillering density reduced, and the individual tiller mass increased. Moderate grazing intensity reduces the percentage of fertile tillers. Reduction in tiller density during flowering does not affect the sward stability index.