Jeena Jyoti Boruah

Merrifield resin supported peroxomolybdenum(VI) compounds: recoverable heterogeneous catalysts for the efficient, selective and mild oxidation of organic sulfides with H2O2

We have generated new heterogeneous catalysts by immobilizing dioxomonoperoxomolybdenum(VI) on amino acid functionalized Merrifield resin, which exhibit excellent activity, stability and selectivity for the oxidation of thioethers and dibenzothiophene (DBT) to the corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones by H2O2 at ambient temperature. The synthetic protocols are high-yielding, halogen-free, environmentally clean and safe, and operationally simple. The catalysts, [MoO2(O2)(L)2]2−-MR [L = valine (MRVMo) or alanine (MRAMo) and MR = Merrifield resin] were prepared by reacting H2MoO4 with 30% H2O2 and the respective amino acid functionalized resin, at near neutral pH. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, spectral studies (FTIR, Raman, 13C NMR and 95Mo NMR, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis and XPS), SEM, EDX, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and TGA-DTG analysis. The easy recyclability of the catalysts for several catalytic cycles without change in activity and selectivity, their complete chemoselectivity towards the sulfur group of substrates bearing other oxidation prone functional groups, are important “green” attributes of these catalysts.

Polymer-Anchored Peroxo Compounds of Vanadium(V) and Molybdenum(VI): Synthesis, Stability, and Their Activities with Alkaline Phosphatase and Catalase

We generated a series of new polymer-bound peroxo complexes of vanadium(V) and molybdenum(VI) of the type [VO(O(2))(2)(sulfonate)]-PSS [PSS = poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate)] (PV(3)), [V(2)O(2)(O(2))(4)(carboxylate)VO(O(2))(2)(sulfonate)]-PSSM [PSSM = poly(sodium styrene sulfonate-co-maleate)] (PV(4)), [Mo(2)O(2)(O(2))(4)(carboxylate)]-PA [PA = poly(sodium acrylate)] (PMo(1)), [MoO(O(2))(2)(carboxylate)]-PMA [PMA = poly(sodium methacrylate)] (PMo(2)), and [MoO(O(2))(2)(amide)]-PAm [PAm = poly(acrylamide)] (PMo(3)) by reacting V(2)O(5) (for PV(3) and PV(4)) or H(2)MoO(4) (for PMo(1), PMo(2), and PMo(3)) with H(2)O(2) and the respective water-soluble macromolecular ligand at pH 5-6. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis (CHN and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), spectral studies (UV-vis, IR, (13)C NMR, (51)V NMR, and (95) Mo NMR), thermal (TGA) as well as scanning electron micrographs (SEM), and EDX analysis. It has been demonstrated that compounds retain their structural integrity in solutions of a wide range of pH values and are approximately 100 times weaker as substrate to the enzyme catalase relative to H(2)O(2), its natural substrate. The effect of the title compounds, along with previously reported compounds [V(2)O(2)(O(2))(4)(carboxylate)]-PA (PV(1)) and [VO(O(2))(2)(carboxylate)]-PMA (PV(2)) on rabbit intestine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been investigated and compared with the effect induced by the free diperoxometallates viz. Na[VO(O(2))(2)(H(2)O)] (DPV), [MoO(O(2))(2)(glycine)(H(2)O)] (DMo(1)), and [MoO(O(2))(2)(asparagine)(H(2)O)] (DMo(2)). It has been observed that although all the compounds tested are potent inhibitors of the enzyme, the polymer-bound and neat complexes act via distinct mechanisms. Each of the macromolecular compounds is a classical noncompetitive inhibitor of ALP. In contrast, the action of neat pV and heteroligand pMo compounds on the enzyme function is consistent with a mixed type of inhibition.

Vasomodulatory effect of novel peroxovanadate compounds on rat aorta: Role of rho kinase and nitric oxide/cGMP pathway

The present study was undertaken to assess the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat aortic ring vasoreactivity and integrity by using various peroxovanadate (pV) compounds. All the pV compounds (1nM-300 μM) used in the present study exerted concentration-dependent contractions on endothelium intact rat aortic rings. All compounds with an exception of DPV-asparagine (DPV-asn) significantly altered vascular integrity as shown by diminished KCl responses. Phenylephrine (PE)-mediated contractions (3nM-300 μM) were unaltered in the presence of these compounds. Acetylcholine (Ach)-mediated relaxation in PE (1μM) pre-contracted rings was significantly reduced in presence of diperoxovanadate (DPV), poly (sodium styrene sulfonate-co-maleate)-pV (PSS-CoM-pV) and poly (sodium styrene 4-sulfonate)-pV (PSS-pV). However, no significant change in Ach-mediated responses was observed in the presence of poly (acrylate)-pV (PAA-pV) and DPV-asn. DPV-asn was thus chosen to further elucidate mechanism involved in peroxide mediated modulation of vasoreactivity. DPV-asn (30nM - 300 μM) exerted significantly more stable contractions, that was found to be catalase (100U/ml) resistant in comparison with H(2)O(2) (30nM-300 μM) in endothelium intact aortic rings. These contractile responses were found to be dependent on extracellular Ca(2+) and were significantly inhibited in presence of ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (100 μM). Intracellular calcium chelation by BAPTA-AM (10μM) had no significant effect on DPV-asn (30nM-300 μM) mediated contraction. Pretreatment of aortic rings by rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10μM) significantly inhibited DPV-asn-mediated vasoconstriction indicating role of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) influx and downstream activation of rho-kinase. The small initial relaxant effect obtained on addition of DPV-asn (30nM-1 μM) in PE (1 μM) pre-contracted endothelium intact rings, was prevented in the presence of guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue (10 μM) and/or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, l-NAME (100 μM) suggesting involvement of nitric oxide and cGMP. DPV-asn, like H(2)O(2), exerted a response of vasoconstriction in normal arteries and vasodilation at low concentrations (30nM-1 μM) in PE-pre contracted rings with overlapping mechanisms. These findings suggest usefulness of DPV-asn having low toxicity, in exploring the peroxide-mediated effects on various vascular beds. The present study also convincingly demonstrates role of H(2)O(2) in the modulation of vasoreactivity by using stable peroxide DPV-asn and warrants future studies on peroxide mediated signaling from a newer perspective.

Peroxoniobium(V)-catalyzed selective oxidation of sulfides with hydrogen peroxide in water: a sustainable approach

An efficient and eco-compatible route for the selective oxidation of a variety of thioethers to the corresponding sulfoxide or sulfone with 30% aqueous H2O2 in water, using newly synthesized peroxoniobium (pNb) complexes as catalysts, is described. The catalysts with formulas Na2[Nb(O2)3(arg)]·2H2O (arg = arginate) (NbA) and Na2[Nb(O2)3(nic)(H2O)]·H2O (nic = nicotinate) (NbN) have been synthesized from the reaction of sodium tetraperoxoniobate with 30% H2O2 and the respective organic ligand in an aqueous medium, and these have been comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, spectral studies (FTIR, Raman, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV-vis), EDX analysis and TGA-DTG analysis. The density functional theory (DFT) method has been used to investigate the structure of the synthesized pNb complexes. The catalysts are physiologically safe and can be reused for at least six reaction cycles without losing their activity or selectivity. The oxidation is chemoselective for sulfides or sulfoxides leaving the CC or alcoholic moiety unaffected. The developed methodologies, apart from being high yielding and straightforward, are completely free from halogen, organic co-solvent, or co-catalysts.

Synthesis and characterization of peroxotungsten(VI) complexes bound to water soluble macromolecules and their interaction with acid and alkaline phosphatases

A set of peroxotungsten(VI) complexes in a macroligand environment has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis (CHN and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), spectral studies (UV–vis, IR, 13C NMR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as SEM studies. The compounds were obtained by anchoring of peroxotungsten species to the pendant functional groups of water soluble polymers, such as poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS), poly(acrylate) (PA), poly(methylacrylate) (PMA) and poly(acrylamide) (PAm). The stability of the compounds in solutions of pH values ranging between 1.2 to 8.0 has been ascertained. The polymeric compounds, as well as a pair of previously reported monomeric and dinuclear pW complexes, were screened for their effect on two different membrane bound phosphatases viz., wheat thylakoid membrane acid phosphatase (ACP) and rabbit intestine alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Each of the tested complexes behaved as active inhibitors of the enzymatic function of the model enzymes. The two classes of enzymes exhibited significantly different sensitivity towards the inhibitors. The IC50 and Ki values were more than 50 orders of magnitude lower for ACP than for ALP, which shows the greater affinity of the complexes for the enzyme binding site of ACP compared to ALP. The kinetic data enabled us to group the complexes into two classes on the basis of their mechanistic preferences. The group comprised of polymeric pW complexes behave as classic non-competitive inhibitors of ACP and ALP, while the free heteroligand pW compounds show mixed inhibition, combining competitive and non-competitive pathways.

Macromolecular peroxo complexes of Vanadium(V) and Molybdenum(VI): Catalytic activities and biochemical relevance

AbstractOur recent achievements concerning the synthesis and characterization of water soluble peroxo complexes of V(V) and Mo(VI) in macroligand environment, as well as some key features of biological relevance of these compounds, such as their hydrolytic stability, activity with phosphohydrolase enzyme vis-à-vis free peroxovanadium (pV) or peroxomolybdenum (pMo) complexes, and their activity in biomimetic oxidative bromination are presented here. Immobilization of pMo species on insoluble polymer matrices viz., amino acid functionalized Merrifield resins and poly(acrylonitrile) on the other hand, afforded a set of heterogeneous catalysts highly effective in facile organic transformations such as selective oxidation of organic sulfides and oxidative bromination of aromatic substrates by H2O2, at ambient temperature. The methodologies are straightforward, high-yielding, halogen-free and the catalysts afford easy regeneration. Our findings illustrate the various features which make the procedures sustainable and synthetically useful. Graphical AbstractSeries of macrocomplexes have been synthesized by immobilizing peroxo species of vanadium and molybdenum on water soluble, as well as insoluble polymer supports. The soluble complexes inhibit the activity of phosphatases non-competitively. The insoluble polymeric complexes served as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for selective organic oxidations under eco-compatible reaction conditions.