Jegor Miladinović

Stress Tolerance Parameters in Different Genotypes of Soybean

Free proline content, superoxide-dismutase activity, and lipid peroxidation were measured in sixteen Yugoslav and introduced genotypes of soybean. More tolerant genotypes with higher free proline content and high superoxide-dismutase activity, and low lipid peroxidation were chosen. The selected genotypes could be used in field production, as well as in breeding.

INFLUENCE OF AGING PROCESS ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN SUNFLOWER SEED

SUMMARY This investigation was conducted in order to determine the degree of biochemical changes during accelerated and natural aging of sunflower seed. Five sunflower lines developed in Novi Sad, submitted to accelerated aging for three and five days, and natural aging of six and twelve months under conventional storage and controlled conditions, were used in these trials. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase contents and peroxidase activities were studied. Lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities (especially pronounced in accelerated aging variant) were caused by both types of aging. The degree of seed damage and the ability of seed to resist the negative consequences of aging were influenced, beside duration of aging period, by type of storage and characteristics of sunflower lines. RESUMEN La investigación fue realizada con el objetivo de determinar el grado de los cambios bioquímicos durante el envejecimiento acelerado y natural de la semilla de girasol. Para la investigación fueron utilizadas cinco líneas de girasol creadas en Novi Sad, y que fueron sometidas al envejecimiento acelerado de tres a cinco días y al envejecimiento natural de seis a doce meses en las condiciones de almacenamiento convencional y almacenamiento bajo las condiciones controladas. Fueron investigados los contenidos de malondialdehido y superóxido dismutasa, tanto como la actividad de peroxidasa. Los dos tipos de envejecimiento causaron los procesos bioquímicos, es decir, la peroxidación de lípidos y la disminución de actividad de superóxido dismutasa y peroxidasa (lo que fue especialmente destacado en el crecimiento acelerado). El grado de deterioro de la semilla y la aptitud de la semilla de resistir a las consecuencias negativas de envejecimiento, eran bajo la influencia no sólo de duración del período de envejecimiento sino también del tipo de almacenamiento y características de las líneas de girasol. RÉSUMÉ Nous avons fait cette recherche dans le but de déterminer le degré des changements biochimiques au cours des vieillissements accéléré et naturel de la graine de tournesol. Nous avons utilisé cinq lignées de tournesol développées à Novi Sad et les avons soumises à un vieillissement accéléré de trois à cinq jours et à un vieillissement naturel de six à douze mois dans des conditions d’entreposage conventionnelles et dans des conditions d’entreposage contrôlées. Nous avons analysé les contenus de malondialdéhyde, de dismutase superoxyde et l’activité du peroxydase. Les deux types de vieillissement avaient provoqué des processus biochimiques, à savoir la peroxydation des lipides ainsi qu’une diminution de l’activité des dismutase superoxyde et peroxydase (ce qui était particulièrement marqué dans le cas du vieillissement accéléré). Le degré d’endommagement de la graine et son aptitude à résister aux conséquences négatives du vieillissement ont été influencés non seulement par la durée de la période de vieillissement mais aussi par le type d’entreposage et les caractéristiques des lignées de tournesol.

NS-Kaća: High-protein, very early soybean cultivar

NS-Kaca, a new, very early soybean cultivar, has been created at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad by crossing domestic and foreign genotypes. The main traits of the cultivar are its early maturity, which placed it into the 000 maturity group, and excellent technological quality of grain. Due to the short vegetation period, it is primarily sown as the second crop in our country, or as the first crop in northern countries (Russia, Ukraine, Austria, Slovenia) and hilly regions. It provides economically justifiable yield gain during the second crop harvest if sowing is conducted by the end of early July, so each day of sowing delay significantly reduces yield. It achieved significantly higher yields in the multiannual macro- and micro-trials compared to standard cultivars from the same maturity group. Producers are advised to sow 600,000 germinated seeds per hectare. The cultivar is also suitable for narrow-row planting (with inter-row spacing of 12.5 cm or 25 cm), whereby the planting rate can be increased by 15-20%. Seed of the cultivar NS-Kaca can also be used as raw material in the production of products intended for human consumption, thanks to the high protein content which is usually between 44% and 47% (in absolutely dry grain). It is suitable for the production of soy milk and soy milk products, due to its large grain, coated with light-yellow seed coat without mottled appearance, and weak expression of hilum colour same as the seed coat, which provides a natural, milkywhite colour of the final products. Development and dissemination of the newly released cultivar NS-Kaca is a major step forward in soybean breeding, as the cultivar exhibited a significantly higher protein content while maintaining its high-yielding potential, despite the strong negative correlation of these traits.