Jennifer E. Lim-Dunham

Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis in the setting of lung growth abnormality: radiographic and pathologic correlation

Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) is a rare pediatric interstitial lung disease. We report a case of a term boy presenting with tachypnea at birth requiring supplemental oxygen. Chest radiographs followed by high-resolution CT (HRCT) demonstrated hyperinflation and diffuse interstitial markings interspersed with multiple cystic spaces. An open lung biopsy demonstrated a minor component of PIG superimposed upon poor alveolarization. PIG in the setting of lung growth abnormality might be more common than previously described. Additionally, radiographic findings associated with most pediatric interstitial lung diseases are nonspecific, and histopathologic correlation is essential for diagnosis.

Utility of computed tomographic renal angiogram in the management of childhood hypertension.

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) renal angiogram (CTRA) in the management of childhood hypertension. This is a retrospective study of 24 children with clinical suspicion of renovascular disease who underwent CTRA examinations. CTRA demonstrated surgically correctable etiology of hypertension in 38% of the patients [5 with renal artery stenosis (RAS) and 4 with renal pathology]. In 5 patients, CTRA findings of RAS were confirmed by catheter angiogram. CTRA missed RAS in 1 patient in whom catheter angiogram showed beaded narrowing of the renal artery. All 6 patients with RAS had resolution of hypertension immediately after angioplasty or surgery. One patient with diffuse renal artery stenosis had an ipsilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. In this patient hypertension resolved spontaneously as the dysplastic kidney shrunk in size. Seven patients had a renal etiology for hypertension. In 3 of these patients hypertension resolved after nephrectomy. Malignant hypertension in the 4th patient with reflux nephropathy was controlled medically after she underwent bilateral ureteral reimplantation. The remaining 3 patients with renal etiology were managed medically. We found that the etiology was central for hypertension in 4 patients with brain abnormalities, obesity in 1 overweight patient, essential hypertension in 4 patients, and thoracic aorta coarctation in 1 patient. Our study showed that in all except 1 instance CTRA could diagnose a surgically correctable cause for hypertension. CTRA provided useful information for the management of pediatric hypertension in all our patients.

Role of Breast Sonography in Imaging of Adolescents with Palpable Solid Breast Masses

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the role of sonography in the diagnosis and management of palpable solid breast masses in adolescents and to correlate the sonographic findings with the histopathologic findings and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted with the breast sonograms of 20 adolescent girls 13-19 years old who presented with palpable breast masses found to be solid at breast sonography. The Stavros sonographic criteria were used to assess the benignity or malignancy of solid breast masses. All sonographic findings were correlated with histopathologic or clinical follow-up findings. RESULTS Sonography showed 21 solid masses in 20 patients (one patient had bilateral solid breast masses). All but six solid masses were presumed benign according to the Stavros sonographic criteria. All solid masses were proved benign at histopathologic or clinical follow-up examination. CONCLUSION Sonography was not useful for predicting the histologic diagnosis of all solid benign breast masses in adolescent patients. The Stavros sonographic criteria, however, were useful for predicting benignity in 65% of the breast masses on which histopathologic examination was performed. Tissue biopsy may be performed on solid breast masses that do not meet the criteria for benign masses according to the Stavros sonographic criteria.

Characteristic Sonographic Findings of Hepatic Erosion by Umbilical Vein Catheters

The purpose of this series is to describe findings seen on abdominal sonography in neonates with erosion into the liver by umbilical vein catheters (UVCs).

Imaging of the ductus venosus in neonates: from patency to closure.

To familiarize the radiologist with the variable sonographic appearance of the involuting ductus venosus in neonates.

Retroperitoneal abscess and mycotic aortic aneurysm: unusual septic complications of central vascular line placement in premature infants.

To describe the sonographic appearance of unusual septic complications after central vascular line placement in premature infants.

Sonographic appearance of bladder malacoplakia

We report sonographic features of bladder malacoplakia (multiple polypoid solid masses) in a 16-year-old girl with Russell-Silver syndrome who presented with renal failure and urinary tract infection.

Unusual appearance of a popliteal venous aneurysm in a 16-year-old patient: sonographic findings.

Popliteal venous aneurysms are rare but serious vascular anomalies that result in high morbidity and potential mortality from thromboembolic complications and recurrent pulmonary emboli, despite proper anticoagulation. The diagnosis of a popliteal venous aneurysm is difficult, however, because there are no characteristic signs and symptoms directly related to the aneurysm. Most symptomatic patients come to the clinicians attention because of a pulmonary embolism and, less commonly, because of a mass in the popliteal fossa, calf swelling, or pain. 1-5 We present imaging findings of a unique case of a popliteal venous aneurysm in a 16-year-old patient without respiratory symptoms who had chronic calf pain and muscle atrophy Sonographic findings are discussed in relation to the patients symptoms. To our knowledge, calf muscle atrophy associated with a popliteal venous aneurysm has not been described.

CT findings of a unicameral calcaneal bone cyst containing a fluid–fluid level

Calcaneal unicameral bone cysts often contain fluid, but rarely contain fluid-fluid levels. We present a case focusing on the CT findings of a large calcaneal bone cyst with a fluid-fluid level and a review of the literature.

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features in the pediatric age group.

The most common malignant thyroid neoplasm in children is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In 2015, the Endocrine Pathology Society introduced the terminology “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features” (NIFTP) to replace the noninvasive follicular variant of PTC. The objective of the current study was to evaluate previously diagnosed PTC in the pediatric population, reappraise it for NIFTP, and discuss the impact of NIFTP on the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology category in the pediatric population.