Jennifer Kates

Insurance Coverage and Access to HIV Testing and Treatment: Considerations for Individuals at Risk for Infection and for Those with Undiagnosed Infection

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that of the approximately 1.2 million people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States, approximately 500,000 are not receiving care for their disease, including approximately 250,000 who do not know they are HIV positive. Although little is known about these 2 subgroups of HIV-infected people, they are likely to be reflective of the larger population of people with HIV infection; that is, they are predominantly racial minorities, more likely to be unemployed and/or poor, and much more likely to be uninsured or dependent on public insurance programs such as Medicaid, compared with the US population overall. In addition, many persons receive a diagnosis of HIV infection late during the course of the disease, and those who are difficult to reach are less likely to receive standard-of-care antiretroviral therapy. New testing initiatives attempting to diagnose infection in persons who do not know their HIV infection status have raised important questions about the funding and program capacity of the current system to handle new patients. Given these challenges and questions, measuring the success of new testing initiatives will be critical but difficult.

Developing a performance management system for a Federal public health program: the Ryan White CARE ACT Titles I and II

Both public and private sector organizations are increasingly being called upon to measure performance. In the public sector, this trend is evidenced by such legislative initiatives as the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). Yet performance measurement presents complex analytic and behavioral challenges and few models exist to guide policy makers and program managers in their attempts to respond to legislative mandates and market pressures for accountability through performance measurement. This article describes one approach to introducing performance measurement into a large Federal health program, the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act, in response to GPRA. It places performance measurement within the broader concept of performance management. This approach is particularly applicable to large grant programs characterized by significant autonomy and variation at the local level. The article also discusses some of the characteristics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic which present unique challenges to performance measurement. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Global health funding: a glass half full?

With global health likely to be high on the agenda of this years G8 Summit starting today in St Petersburg Russia it is worth taking stock of international assistance funding trends and prospects. High-level attention to global health has risen markedly over the past two decades particularly since 2000. One concrete measure of the priority placed on health by donors is the level of funding provided for the developing world. Previous analyses have shown that funding has been on the rise. Our analysis of data from 2000 to 2004 found a continuation of this trend with donor funding for global health approaching US

Global health diplomacy: advancing foreign policy and global health interests

14 billion in 2004--in part good news as donors seem to have heeded the global health call. Still funding for health falls far short of global need as estimated in part by the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health which found that donors would need to provide an additional

The Role of Treaties, Agreements, Conventions, and Other International Instruments in Global Health

22 billion a year by 2007 and

HIV Incidence and CDC’s HIV Prevention Budget: An Exploratory Correlational Analysis

31 billion a year by 2015 to help finance the scaling-up of essential interventions health-system development and research and development devoted to the diseases of the poor. In addition investments in health seem to be uneven raising cautionary notes about the global communitys ability to meet let alone sustain financing needs over time. (excerpt)

Delivering HIV services to vulnerable populations: an evaluation and research agenda.

Attention to global health diplomacy has been rising but the future holds challenges, including a difficult budgetary environment. Going forward, both global health and foreign policy practitioners would benefit from working more closely together to achieve greater mutual understanding and to advance respective mutual goals. Attention to global health diplomacy has been rising but the future holds challenges, including a difficult budgetary environment. Going forward, both global health and foreign policy practitioners would benefit from working more closely together to achieve greater mutual understanding and to advance respective mutual goals.

Use of a Telephone Screener to Identify a Probability Sample of Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals

As nations become more reliant on each other for cohesive development of global health policies and practice, and globalization increasingly makes health challenges in one part of the world concerns for all nations, the importance and use of international agreements in framing policy and national commitments have increased. This article reviews international agreements, looking specifically at multilateral instruments or partnerships, to identify those that either directly focus on or encompass health. It defines the different types of agreements, describes the process through which governments enter into these agreements, evaluates the legality of agreements under international law, and assesses participation by member states.