Jennifer M. Kinney

Observed well-being among individuals with dementia: Memories in the Making, an art program, versus other structured activity.

This manuscript analyzes the use of the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool© in observing seven domains of well-being among individuals with dementia. We observed the well-being of 12 individuals while they engaged in Memories in the Making©, an art program for persons in the early and middle stages of the disease that encourages self-expression through the visual arts. This was then compared to the observed well-being in the same individuals during participation in more traditional adult day center activities, such as current events and crafts. Results indicated that the individuals demonstrated significantly more interest, sustained attention, pleasure, self-esteem, and normalcy during participation in Memories in the Making; additionally, there were no differences in negative affect or sadness between the two types of activities. Directions for future research are also discussed.

‘Trying to Continue to Do as Much as They Can Do’: Theoretical insights regarding continuity and meaning making in the face of dementia

Face-to-face interviews were conducted with six individuals in the early stages of a dementia. Interviews were initiated to explore the day-to-day experiences of dementia. The commonality that emerged across the interviews was participants’ desire to maintain continuity with their previous way of life while coping with dementia-necessitated changes. We conceptualized this commonality in terms of Atchley’s (1989) articulation of continuity theory and Park and Folkman’s (1997) framework of meaning making. This research highlights how, despite their impairment, individuals with dementia not only are able but strive to maintain continuity and to make meaning of their situations. The results show that it is possible to gain insight from those in the early stages of dementia; the underlying practical and clinical implication is the importance of encouraging the maintenance of personhood by listening to the desires and concerns of those with dementia.

Striving to Provide Safety Assistance for Families of Elders The SAFE House Project

We describe the process of installing a monitoring system in the homes of 19 families who were caring for a relative with dementia, and evaluating the use of the system for 24 weeks. The system is Internet-based and consists of cameras and sensors that are routed through a controller unit via a broadband-connected computer to a web site. From the web site, text messages indicating sensor activity are sent to a cell phone that alerts caregivers to activity in the home. Specifically, we discuss ‘behind the scenes’ issues associated with bundling the various technologies together and installing and maintaining the technologies in caregivers’ homes, describe the challenges that caregivers confronted while using the technology, and summarize caregivers’ experiences with the technologies over the 24-week assessment period. Results indicate that, although the use of technology is not without challenge, it has the potential to facilitate family caregiving.

Silver Alerts and the Problem of Missing Adults with Dementia

In the months following the introduction of the National AMBER (Americas Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response) Alert plan used to locate missing and abducted children, Silver Alert programs began to emerge. These programs use the same infrastructure and approach to find a different missing population, cognitively impaired older adults. By late 2008, 17 states had enacted Silver Alert policies, and several more planned to take advantage of National Silver Alert grant funding to initiate policies in 2009. To date, however, no research has examined the efficacy of such programs, which have widely varying parameters and criteria to initiate the alerts. In this study, we empirically examine the 17 existing state Silver Alert and related policies. The analysis includes an examination of the varieties of programs: dementia related and AMBER extension, the dates of enactment, the criteria for activation, and the process of activation. We conclude with two salient questions that emerged from the analysis. We examine these questions and make recommendations for future research, including examining whether Silver Alerts are an appropriate response to address the problem of missing adults with dementia or cognitive impairments and examining the costs and benefits of the programs including determining how best to balance efforts to keep cognitively impaired elders safe while keeping their basic human rights of autonomy and empowerment intact.

The impact of a gerontology course and a service-learning program on college students' attitudes toward people with dementia.

We examined the effects of a gerontology course and an intergenerational service-learning project for people with dementia (PWD) on three dimensions of students’ attitudes including attitudes toward older people, community service for older people, and working with PWD. Data consisted of a combination of pretest/posttest survey and review of journals that students maintained during the service-learning project. Results indicated that students who completed the gerontology course, and those who completed both the course and the service-learning project, reported significantly more positive attitudes toward older adults, whereas students in the course only had significantly less positive attitudes about working with PWD, and those in the other courses (sociology) showed no change in their attitudes. Students’ journals are replete with reports of the satisfaction they derived from their experiences. The findings highlight opportunities and challenges that should be considered in future intergenerational service-learning programs and gerontological education.

‘That’s me, the Goother’: Evaluation of a program for individuals with early-onset dementia

We conducted face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with six white men with early-onset dementia (EOD) and supplemented the interviews with a focus group with six wives of the men to document perceptions of a weekly, supervised volunteer program for the men at the local zoo. The program, ‘Get Out of the House,’ is designed to provide individuals with EOD a weekly opportunity to participate in meaningful, supervised volunteer work in the community. Interviews with participants revealed that they strongly identify with the program and are eager to share their experiences, about which they show some depth of insight. The focus group revealed that the program represents a break in the day-to-day routine for spouses and families, as well as participants, and has benefits that extend beyond the program time itself. Challenges with the development and implementation of such programs and implications for research and practice are discussed.

Why Believe? The Effects of Religious Beliefs on Emotional Well Being

SUMMARY This study tested the roles of age, religious beliefs and organizational religiosity in the prediction of depressive symptoms and positive affect. Data provided by 129 younger and older adults were used to test a path model in which both direct and indirect effects of age and beliefs on well being were hypothesized. Both age and religious beliefs were positively and significantly associated with organizational religiosity. Individuals who reported more frequent participation in organizational religiosity reported fewer depressive symptoms and higher positive affect. Neither age nor religious beliefs, however, exerted direct effects on the outcomes. Results of the current investigation suggest that a better understanding of the content and function of religious beliefs may add to our understanding of well being and aging. Moreover, we advocate the further investigation of religiosity and positive emotional experiences.

It makes me feel like myself: Person-centered versus traditional visual arts activities for people with dementia.

During a 15-month period between February 2010 and April 2011, video data on (n = 38) people with dementia were collected during a person-centered and intergenerational arts activity program called Opening Minds through Art (OMA) at three different long-term care facilities in Ohio. A subsample of the OMA participants (n = 10) were also video recorded during traditional visual arts activities (e.g. coloring books, scrapbooking). A modified version of the Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool© was used to code the intensity and frequency of observed domains of well-being (i.e. social interest, engagement, and pleasure) and ill-being (i.e. disengagement, negative affect, sadness, and confusion). Descriptive results indicate a high percentage of moderate or high intensities of well-being during OMA sessions with little to no ill-being. Paired-sample t-tests comparing OMA vs. traditional visual arts activities showed significantly higher intensity scores for OMA in the domain of engagement and pleasure, as well as significantly lower intensity scores for disengagement. The findings of this exploratory study contribute to the overall discussion about the impact of person-centered, creative-expressive arts activities on people with dementia.

Lay Explanations and Self-Management of Diabetes in Kathmandu, Nepal

Objectives: This research explores the lay explanations and self-management of diabetes among residents in greater Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: Interviews were done with 300 respondents drawn from diabetes patient listings and members of a national diabetes club. Sociodemographic and health-related data were collected with two standardized instruments: the Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Hierarchical ordinary least squares regression analyses were employed to examine predictors of self-management of diabetes. Results: Across seven equations, R 2 values ranged from .020 to .221, and with the exception of one domain of self-management (blood sugar testing), one or more lay explanatory factors entered each equation. Discussion: Respondents from this sample appear to hold lay explanations of diabetes that are similar to those of their peers in developed nations. Findings are discussed, including the caveat that these mostly male, relatively educated, and urban-residing adults with diabetes are not necessarily representative of Nepali society.

Predictors of Adult Education Program Satisfaction in Urban Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Lifelong learning is receiving greater attention due to population aging in modern societies. Lifelong learning benefits individuals by supporting their physical, psychological, social, and economic well-being. However, older adults generally have lower motivation for learning than younger adults, and facilitating long-term participation in learning activities is still challenging. Previous studies mainly identified negative factors such as barriers and obstacles to individuals’ initial participation in lifelong learning programs. As such, less is known about positive factors that promote long-term participation. To address this gap, data were collected from 330 older adults who participated in the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute program in an urban community in the United States. Results from proportional odds ordinal logistic regression analysis demonstrated that gender, number of household members, income, religious affiliation, self-rated health, and number of courses taken were associated with satisfaction with the program. In hopes to promote true lifelong learning, possible explanations about the findings are explored and several recommendations for existing lifelong learning programs are derived in this study.