Jenny Eriksson Lundström

An Asymmetric Protocol for Argumentation Games in Defeasible Logic

Agent interactions where the agents hold conflicting goals could be modelled as adversarial argumentation games. In many real-life situations (e.g., criminal litigation, consumer legislation), due to ethical, moral or other principles governing interaction, the burden of proof, i.e., which party is to lose if the evidence is balanced [22], is a priori fixed to one of the parties. Analogously, when resolving disputes in a heterogeneous agent-system the unequal importance of different agents for carrying out the overall system goal need to be accounted for. In this paper we present an asymmetric protocol for an adversarial argumentation game in Defeasible Logic, suggesting Defeasible Logic as a general representation formalism for argumentation games modelling agent interactions.

A rule-sceptic characterization of acceptable legal arguments

In legal settings the admissibility of any speech act could be contested (cf. rule-scepticism, a view of legal positivism [5]). Thus all arguments, including rules, should initially be considered unascertained as to their acceptability and meaning for a given legal dispute. Only after considering the circumstances of the particular dispute, either explicitly or implicitly inferred from the utterances of the parties or lack of such, the acceptability of a rule and its impact are to be determined. Using metalogic, we construct a theory of legally acceptable and meaningful jurisprudence by requiring all rules of a resulting theory at level i to be assessed by a theory of legally acceptable metarules at the adjacent higher level i+1.

The hipster’s dilemma

This article sets out to explore the phenomenon of willing digital disconnect by reconsidering and reworking some of the central ideas that currently fall under the umbrella of technological non-use. The presupposition of binary divisions between the dichotomies ‘users’–‘non-users’ and ‘analogue’–‘digital’ is put into question as the article explores the taking up of predigital technologies and the explicit and implicit disengagement from contemporary digital technologies. In short, this article asks: What does the contemporary revival of analogue technologies reveal about the social and material processes that constitute ‘use’, and what are the implications for the conceptual division of the terms analogue and digital? To answer these questions, the article draws on assemblage theory to describe the material and expressive performativity of social structure – that is, how individuals interact with technology. Empirical evidence comes from three illustrative cases where predigital technologies have replaced an existing digital alternative. Results emphasize the importance of understanding the material and expressive reconfigurations that underline technological use in a post-digital society in order to move beyond binary concepts such as analogue/digital or use/non-use as well as concepts such as the digital divide.

Governing Is in the Details—The Longitudinal Impact of IT-related Policy Management for Public Boards

Decision makers increasingly enforce policies of digitalization of everyday activities. The aim of this study is to examine, at the micro level, the practices and their impact of people transforming the way they conduct their public board work due to an IT-related policy decision. We argue for analysis of the seemingly small, slow, yet fundamental interactions with which humans shape and reinvent organizational life. Our approach provides insights into the impact of implementation of policy decisions and how change of seemingly mundane activities creates the evolution of new structures and practices of importance. Our study highlights a reconstitution of routines and change of anchoring practices of a public board that (a) anchors new material to a board member’s responsibilities without utilizing its inherent advantages, (b) anchors new conflicting routines while abandoning well established ones, and (c) results in new routines that weaken fundamental goals of the board member’s role and work counterproductive to human cognition.

On Sustaining Sustainability: The Case of Implementing Decisions Based on Policies for a Sustainable Future via Tablets in a Board of a Swedish Housing Corporation

Catering for sustainability concerns and enterprise mobility for administrations, handheld artifacts of Information and Communication Technology (e.g., tablets and smartphones) are making their way into organizational administration. Often such change is the result of decisions aimed at implementing policies for a more sustainable future, intending to support a shift from paper to digital. For this reason, a deeper understanding of tablets as the means to enable robust and efficient implementation of policies for sustainability is essential. This chapter examines how a decision made by one of the largest municipal boards in Sweden on reducing the use of paper in the municipality was implemented as an introduction of tablets in one of the municipal sub-boards, the board of one of the municipally owned housing corporations (HC), and how the decision prompted changes in the board work setup, raised issues concerning security and privacy of data while yet failing to implement most of the targeted sustainability policies. We adopt the Belief-Action-Outcome framework of Melville (MIS Q 31: 1–21, 2010) as our theoretical lens on how the actual use of the tablets emanates from the social practices of the board, and how the implementation of the sustainability policy of the municipality thus affected the alignment of the board work and the organization’s policies on sustainability. The empirical material consists of interviews and observations in the board of one of the municipally owned housing corporations. The contribution includes an account as to how a decision to implement policies for sustainability via new technology serve as a catalyst to establish and reproduce new setups and practices. However, in order to adopt the new technology, it may also partly or completely reinvent well-established practices without aligning it to the intended policies. Key highlights are the importance for decision makers to consider a broader context and to see the complexity of the practices of the organization, and the role this plays for the implications of making policies on organizational changes sustainable.

An Empirical Account of Fitness-Utility : A Case of Radical Change towards Mobility in DSR Practice

Evaluation is an essential part of design science research - a means to demonstrate qualities of artefacts and knowledge abstractions. The utility-fitness model suggests that evaluation needs to move from ‘usefulness’ measures to utility functions that incorporate the long-term evolution and survival of an artefact in its design landscape. In this paper, we interpret a process of innovative change taking place within a design system, in order to provide an empirical account of utility-fitness. We propose that the utility-fitness model pays too little explicit attention to technological-ecological fit, accountability, and robustness: Three ideals that were prevalent in the scrutinized empirical setting.

A dynamic metalogic argumentation framework implementation

One of the main challenges that faces the AI-community is to express close approximations of human reasoning as computational formalizations of argument. In this paper we present a full implementation and accompanying software for defeasible adversarial argumentation. The work is based on the metalogic framework of defeasible adversarial argumentation games of [9]. The software we developed consists of: a meta-interpreter, a declarative implementation of the argumentation game model and a graphical interface developed in Java that shows the results of the game execution and the construction of the argumentation derivation tree.

Towards context-based explanations for teacher support

To enable deep learning from a system is not a trivial matter. By including domain context in the construction of the explanations the user is able to reflect on the effects of the knowledge, and not solely on the knowledge in isolation. In addition, in our approach the contextualized knowledge is to be viewed in the context of a particular goal or objective and how any reasoning result is reached in relation to this objective. In this paper we outline context-based explanations and their composition for a sample explanation supporting teachers in developing their own didactical skills.

Utilizing active software to capture tacit knowledge for strategic use

Knowledge on the organizations own work-strategies for carrying out regular tasks are now being recognized as an increasingly more valuable resource. However, due to the complexity of eliciting the distributed, fragmented and partly tacit knowledge inherent in best practice and “know-how”, tools to handle this need seem systematically unaccounted for. This paper outlines an approach on extracting this knowledge by utilizing an augmented active software framework. Our focus in this paper is how this approach provides a beneficiary way of employing the knowledge generated by active software during a session. We illustrate the relevance of this approach by a sample scenario extending a real-world example taken from the software engineering domain. Topic: Knowledge Representation and Management, Intelligent Agents