Jenny G. Sorce

Cosmicflows-2: The Data

Cosmicflows-2 is a compilation of distances and peculiar velocities for over 8000 galaxies. Numerically the largest contributions come from the luminosity-line width correlation for spirals, the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR), and the related fundamental plane relation for E/S0 systems, but over 1000 distances are contributed by methods that provide more accurate individual distances: Cepheid, tip of the red giant branch (TRGB), surface brightness fluctuation, Type Ia supernova, and several miscellaneous but accurate procedures. Our collaboration is making important contributions to two of these inputs: TRGB and TFR. A large body of new distance material is presented. In addition, an effort is made to ensure that all the contributions, both our own and those from the literature, are on the same scale. Overall, the distances are found to be compatible with a Hubble constant H 0 = 74.4 ? 3.0?km?s?1?Mpc?1. The great interest going forward with this data set will be with velocity field studies. Cosmicflows-2 is characterized by a great density and high accuracy of distance measures locally, falling to sparse and coarse sampling extending to z = 0.1.

THE MID-INFRARED TULLY-FISHER RELATION: CALIBRATION OF THE TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA SCALE AND H 0

This paper builds on a calibration of the SNIa absolute distance scale begun with a core of distances based on the correlation between galaxy rotation rates and optical Ic band photometry. This new work extends the calibration through the use of mid-infrared photometry acquired at 3.6 microns with Spitzer Space Telescope. The great virtue of the satellite observations is constancy of the photometry at a level better than 1% across the sky. The new calibration is based on 39 individual galaxies and 8 clusters that have been the sites of well observed SNIa. The new 3.6 micron calibration is not yet as extensively based as the Ic band calibration but is already sufficient to justify a preliminary report. Distances based on the mid-infrared photometry are 2% greater in the mean than reported at Ic band. This difference is only marginally significant. The Ic band result is confirmed with only a small adjustment. Incorporating a 1% decrease in the LMC distance, the present study indicates Ho = 75.2 +/- 3.0 km/s/Mpc.

CALIBRATION OF THE MID-INFRARED TULLY-FISHER RELATION

Distance measures on a coherent scale around the sky are required to address the outstanding cosmological problems of the Hubble constant and of departures from the mean cosmic flow. The correlation between galaxy luminosities and rotation rates can be used to determine the distances to many thousands of galaxies in a wide range of environments potentially out to 200?Mpc. Mid-infrared (3.6 ?m) photometry with the Spitzer Space Telescope is particularly valuable as a source of luminosities because it provides products of uniform quality across the sky. From a perch above the atmosphere, essentially the total magnitude of targets can be registered in exposures of a few minutes. Extinction is minimal and the flux is dominated by the light from old stars, which is expected to correlate with the mass of the targets. In spite of the superior photometry, the correlation between mid-infrared luminosities and rotation rates extracted from neutral hydrogen profiles is slightly degraded from the correlation found with I-band luminosities. A color correction recovers a correlation that provides comparable accuracy to that available at the I band (~20% 1? in an individual distance) while retaining the advantages identified above. Without color correction, the relation between linewidth and [3.6] magnitudes is M b, i, k, a [3.6] = ?20.34 ? 9.74(logWi mx ? 2.5). This description is found with a sample of 213 galaxies in 13 clusters that define the slope and 26 galaxies with Cepheid or tip of the red giant branch distances that define the zero point. A color-corrected parameter is constructed that has reduced scatter: . Consideration of the seven calibration clusters beyond 50?Mpc, outside the domain of obvious peculiar velocities, provides a preliminary Hubble constant estimate of H 0 = 74 ? 4?km?s?1?Mpc?1.

The Calibration of the WISE W1 and W2 Tully-Fisher Relation

In order to explore local large-scale structures and velocity fields, accurate galaxy distance measures are needed. We now extend the well-tested recipe for calibrating the correlation between galaxy rotation rates and luminosities -- capable of providing such distance measures -- to the all-sky, space-based imaging data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) W1 (

The alignment of galaxy spin with the shear field in observations

3.4\mu

Minimization of biases in galaxy peculiar velocity catalogues

m) and W2 (

Constrained Local UniversE Simulations: a Local Group factory

4.6\mu

How did the Virgo cluster form

m) filters. We find a linewidth to absolute magnitude correlation (known as the Tully-Fisher Relation, TFR) of

The baryonic Tully–Fisher relation cares about the galaxy sample

\mathcal{M}^{b,i,k,a}_{W1} = -20.35 - 9.56 (\log W^i_{mx} - 2.5)

The tangential velocity of M31: CLUES from constrained simulations

(0.54 magnitudes rms) and